A Study on the Optimization of FDM Parameters for the Manufacturing of Compression Specimens from recycled ASA in the Context of the Transition to the Circular Economy
Received: 10 November 2024 | Revised: 5 December 2024 | Accepted: 9 December 2024 | Online: 18 December 2024
Corresponding author: Dragos Valentin Iacob
Abstract
The present study investigates the optimization of the FDM parameters, that is, the height of the deposited layer in one pass (Lh) and the filling percentage (Id), for the manufacture of compression specimens from recycled ASA (rASA) in the context of transitioning to the circular economy. The Anycubic 4Max Pro 2.0 3D printer was utilized, where compression specimens were additively manufactured from rASA 45 using the following variable parameters: Lh = 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm, and 0.20 mm, and Id = 50%, 75%, and 100%. All compression specimens were tested on the Barrus White 20 kN universal testing machine. It was found that the Compressive strength (Cs) is influenced by the two considered variable parameters of the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Lh and Id, but the overwhelmingly influencing parameter is Id. According to the results of the FDM parameter optimization for the manufacture of compression specimens from rASA, Lh = 0.10 mm and Id = 100%.
Keywords:
FDM parameters, circular economy, recycled ASA, compressive strength, optimizationDownloads
References
R. Djonyabe Habiba, C. Malça, and R. Branco, "Exploring the Potential of Recycled Polymers for 3D Printing Applications: A Review," Materials, vol. 17, no. 12, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 2915.
L. Zhou et al., "Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review," Sensors, vol. 24, no. 9, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 2668.
S. Siddiqui, S. Surananai, K. Sainath, M. Zubair Khan, R. Raja Pandiyan Kuppusamy, and Y. Kempaiah Suneetha, "Emerging trends in development and application of 3D printed nanocomposite polymers for sustainable environmental solutions," European Polymer Journal, vol. 196, Sep. 2023, Art. no. 112298.
W. Wojnowski, M. Marć, K. Kalinowska, P. Kosmela, and B. Zabiegała, "Emission Profiles of Volatiles during 3D Printing with ABS, ASA, Nylon, and PETG Polymer Filaments," Molecules, vol. 27, no. 12, Jan. 2022, Art. no. 3814.
M. Nikam, P. Pawar, A. Patil, A. Patil, K. Mokal, and S. Jadhav, "Sustainable fabrication of 3D printing filament from recycled PET plastic," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 103, pp. 115–125, Jan. 2024.
D. G. Zisopol, M. Minescu, and D. V. Iacob, "A Study on the Influence of FDM Parameters on the Compressive Behavior of ASA Parts," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 16237–16241, Oct. 2024.
D. G. Zisopol, M. Minescu, and D. V. Iacob, "A Study of the Optimization of FDM Parameters for the Manufacture of Compression Specimens from Recycled PETG in the Context of the Transition to the Circular Economy," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 18774–18779, Dec. 2024.
A. Oussai, Z. Bártfai, and L. Kátai, "Development of 3D Printing Raw Materials from Plastic Waste. A Case Study on Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate," Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 16, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 7338.
B. Peyravi, K. Peleckis, T. Limba, and V. Peleckienė, "The Circular Economy Practices in the European Union: Eco-Innovation and Sustainable Development," Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 13, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 5473.
T. M. Tavares, G. M. D. Ganga, M. Godinho Filho, and V. P. Rodrigues, "The benefits and barriers of additive manufacturing for circular economy: A framework proposal," Sustainable Production and Consumption, vol. 37, pp. 369–388, May 2023.
D. G. Zisopol, M. Minescu, and D. V. Iacob, "A Study on the Influence of FDM Parameters on the Compressive Behavior of PET-G Parts," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 13592–13597, Apr. 2024.
M. Garwacki, I. Cudnik, D. Dziadowiec, P. Szymczak, and J. Andrzejewski, "The Development of Sustainable Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-Based (PETG) Blends for Additive Manufacturing Processing—The Use of Multilayered Foil Waste as the Blend Component," Materials, vol. 17, no. 5, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 1083.
H. Schneevogt, K. Stelzner, B. Yilmaz, B. E. Abali, A. Klunker, and C. Völlmecke, "Sustainability in additive manufacturing: Exploring the mechanical potential of recycled PET filaments," Composites and Advanced Materials, vol. 30, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 26349833211000063.
C. Maraveas, I. V. Kyrtopoulos, and K. G. Arvanitis, "Evaluation of the Viability of 3D Printing in Recycling Polymers," Polymers, vol. 16, no. 8, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 1104.
H. S. Park, N. H. Tran, V. T. Hoang, and V. H. Bui, "Development of a Prediction System for 3D Printed Part Deformation," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 9450–9457, Dec. 2022.
T. V. N. Tran, D. C. Long, and C. N. Van, "The Influence of Printing Materials on Shrinkage Characterization in Metal 3D Printing using Material Extrusion Technology," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 15356–15360, Aug. 2024.
I. Ibrahim, A. G. Ashour, W. Zeiada, N. Salem, and M. Abdallah, "A Systematic Review on the Technical Performance and Sustainability of 3D Printing Filaments Using Recycled Plastic," Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 18, Jan. 2024, Art. no. 8247.
A. K. Cress, J. Huynh, E. H. Anderson, R. O’neill, Y. Schneider, and Ö. Keleş, "Effect of recycling on the mechanical behavior and structure of additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 279, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 123689.
"The Proven Solution for 3D Design and Product Development | SOLIDWORKS," Dec. 07, 2023. https://www.solidworks.com/proven-solution-3d-design-and-product-development.
"UltiMaker Cura," UltiMaker. https://ultimaker.com/software/ultimaker-cura/.
ISO 604:2002 Plastics: Determination of compressive properties. ISO, 2002.
"Data Analysis, Statistical & Process Improvement Tools | Minitab." https://www.minitab.com/en-us/.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dragos Gabriel Zisopol, Mihail Minescu, Dragos Valentin Iacob
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.