Dimensional Accuracy of 3D Printed Dog-bone Tensile Samples: A Case Study
Received: 23 May 2023 | Revised: 11 June 2023 | Accepted: 26 June 2023 | Online: 9 July 2023
Corresponding author: Dragos Gabriel Zisopol
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized manufacturing by enabling the rapid production of complex objects. However, ensuring dimensional accuracy in 3D printed parts remains a significant challenge due to various factors, including the selection of appropriate parameters during the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. Achieving dimensional accuracy is crucial in determining the reliability of a printing machine to produce objects that meet the expected results. This study aims to investigate the influence of FDM parameters (filling percentage and layer thickness) on the final dimensions of 3D printed parts made from polylactic acid (PLA) through a systematic experimental and statistical approach. The goal is to identify the optimal process parameter settings that minimize the error percentage in the dimensions of the printed parts using the Taguchi method. Overall higher dimensional accuracy was obtained, influenced mainly by the layer thickness parameter (in the case of Y direction dimensions) and by the filling percentage (in the case of Z direction dimensions – corresponding to sample thickness). The findings of this study provide valuable insight into identifying the optimal configuration for producing PLA 3D-printed components.
Keywords:
3D printing, FDM, PLA, dimensional accuracy, printing process parametersDownloads
References
M. M. Hanon, L. Zsidai, and Q. Ma, "Accuracy investigation of 3D printed PLA with various process parameters and different colors," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 42, pp. 3089–3096, Jan. 2021.
V. Cojocaru, D. Frunzaverde, C.-O. Miclosina, and G. Marginean, "The Influence of the Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Specimens Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication—A Review," Polymers, vol. 14, no. 5, Feb. 2022, Art. no. 886.
D. G. Zisopol, I. Nae, A. I. Portoaca, and I. Ramadan, "A Theoretical and Experimental Research on the Influence of FDM Parameters on Tensile Strength and Hardness of Parts Made of Polylactic Acid," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 7458–7463, Aug. 2021.
M. Minescu, A. Dinita, D. Zisopol, A. Olteanu, and C. Teodoriu, "Experimental investigations on fiber glass composite pipes with application for oil, gas and geothermal well completions," Erdoel Erdgas Kohle, vol. 137, no. 11, pp. 37-.41, Nov. 2021.
D. G. Zisopol, A. Dumitrescu, M. Minescu, and A. Diniță, "New materials intended for use within natural gas installations and quality testing procedures," Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 241–252, Jun. 2022.
M. Minescu and D. G. Zisopol, Sudarea ţevilor şi fitingurilor din polietilenă de înaltă densitate. Ploiesti, Romania: Editura Universităţii Petrol-Gaze din Ploiesti, 2021.
D. G. Zisopol and A. Dumitrescu, Ecotehnologie: Studii de caz. Ploiesti, Romania: Editura Universităţii Petrol-Gaze din Ploiesti, 2020.
D. G. Zisopol, A. Dumitrescu, and C. N. Trifan, Ecotehnologie. Noţiuni teoretice, aplicaţii şi studii de caz. Ploiesti, Romania: Editura Universităţii Petrol-Gaze din Ploiesti, 2010.
D. G. Zisopol and A. Dumitrescu, Materiale şi tehnologii primare. Aplicații practice și studii de caz. Ploiesti, Romania: Editura Universității Petrol - Gaze din Ploiesti, 2005.
I. Ramadan and M. Tanase, "Experimental Study Regarding the Influence of Welding Parameters on the Mechanical Behaviorof High Density Polyethylene Pipes," Materiale Plastice, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 209–215, Jan. 2021.
D. G. Zisopol and M. J. Săvulescu, Bazele tehnologiei. Ploiesti, Romania: Editura Universității Petrol - Gaze din Ploiesti, 2003.
M. J. Săvulescu, D.G. Zisopol, and I. Nae, Bazele tehnologiei materialelor. Îndrumar de lucrări practice. Ploiesti, Romania: Editura Premier Ploiesti, 1997.
D. G. Zisopol, Tehnologii industriale și de construcții, Aplicații practice și studii de caz. Ploiesti, Romania: Editura Universității Petrol - Gaze din Ploiesti, 2003.
D. G. Zisopol, M. Minescu, and D. V. Iacob, "A Theoretical-Experimental Study on the Influence of FDM Parameters on the Dimensions of Cylindrical Spur Gears Made of PLA," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 10471–10477, Apr. 2023.
M. M. Hanon, R. Marczis, and L. Zsidai, "Influence of the 3D Printing Process Settings on Tensile Strength of PLA and HT-PLA," Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 38–46, 2021.
Z. Liu, Y. Wang, B. Wu, C. Cui, Y. Guo, and C. Yan, "A critical review of fused deposition modeling 3D printing technology in manufacturing polylactic acid parts," The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 102, no. 9, pp. 2877–2889, Jun. 2019.
I. Buj-Corral and E. E. Zayas-Figueras, "Comparative study about dimensional accuracy and form errors of FFF printed spur gears using PLA and Nylon," Polymer Testing, vol. 117, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 107862.
H. S. Park, N. H. Tran, V. T. Hoang, and V. H. Bui, "Development of a Prediction System for 3D Printed Part Deformation," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 9450–9457, Dec. 2022.
M. Petousis, N. Vidakis, N. Mountakis, E. Karapidakis, and A. Moutsopoulou, "Functionality Versus Sustainability for PLA in MEX 3D Printing: The Impact of Generic Process Control Factors on Flexural Response and Energy Efficiency," Polymers, vol. 15, no. 5, Feb. 2023, Art. no. 1232.
W. Szot, "Rheological Analysis of 3D Printed Elements of Acrylonitrile Butadiene and Styrene Material Using Multiparameter Ideal Body Models," 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing, Feb. 2023.
D. G. Zisopol, I. Nae, and A. I. Portoaca, "Compression Behavior of FFF Printed Parts Obtained by Varying Layer Height and Infill Percentage," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 9747–9751, Dec. 2022.
D. G. Zisopol, I. Nae, A. I. Portoaca, and I. Ramadan, "A Statistical Approach of the Flexural Strength of PLA and ABS 3D Printed Parts," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 8248–8252, Apr. 2022.
A. Portoaca, I. Nae, D. G. Zisopol, and I. Ramadan, "Studies on the influence of FFF parameters on the tensile properties of samples made of ABS," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1235, no. 1, Nov. 2022, Art. no. 012008.
D. G. Zisopol, D. V. Iacob, and A. I. Portoaca, "A Theoretical-Experimental Study of the Influence of FDM Parameters on PLA Spur Gear Stiffness," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 9329–9335, Oct. 2022.
D. G. Zisopol, A. I. Portoaca, I. Nae, and I. Ramadan, "A Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Annealed PLA," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 8978–8981, Aug. 2022.
D. Pezer, F. Vukas, and M. Butir, "Experimental study of tensile strength for 3D printed specimens of HI-PLA polymer material on in-house tensile test machine," Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 197–206, Oct. 2022.
D. G. Zisopol, N. Ion, and A. I. Portoaca, "Comparison of the Charpy Resilience of Two 3D Printed Materials: A Study on the Impact Resistance of Plastic Parts," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 10781–10784, Jun. 2023.
Q. Li, X. Li, and L. Guo, "Durability Test and Mechanical Properties of CFRP Bolt under Accelerated Corrosion Conditions," Journal of Chemistry, vol. 2022, Jul. 2022, Art. no. e2094640.
M. Petousis et al., "Optimizing the Rheological and Thermomechanical Response of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/Silicon Nitride Nanocomposites in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing," Nanomaterials, vol. 13, no. 10, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 1588.
M. Evan, T. J. Suteja, and S. Tjandra, "The Influence of Annealing Temperature and Holding Time Near Glass Transition Temperature on the Tensile Strength of Fused Deposition Modeling Printed Polylactic Acid," Jurnal Polimesin, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 25–28, Feb. 2023.
M. D. Vasilescu and T. Fleser, "Influence of Technological Parameters on the Dimension of GEAR Parts Generated with PLA Matherial by FDM 3D Printing," Materiale Plastice, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 247–251, Jun. 2018.
W. T. Nugroho, Y. Dong, and A. Pramanik, "Dimensional accuracy and surface finish of 3D printed polyurethane (PU) dog-bone samples optimally manufactured by fused deposition modelling (FDM)," Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. 1779–1795, Jan. 2022.
R. Mašović, V. Jagarčec, D. Miler, Z. Domitran, N. Bojčetić, and D. Žeželj, "Analysis of printing direction impact on dimensional accuracy of spur gears," in IFToMM WC 2019: Advances in Mechanism and Machine Science, 2019, pp. 1111–1120.
C. J. Luis-Pérez, I. Buj-Corral, and X. Sánchez-Casas, "Modeling of the Influence of Input AM Parameters on Dimensional Error and Form Errors in PLA Parts Printed with FFF Technology," Polymers, vol. 13, no. 23, Nov. 2021, Art. no. 4152.
N. Kumar Maurya, V. Rastogi, and P. Singh, "Investigation of dimensional accuracy and international tolerance grades of 3D printed polycarbonate parts," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 25, pp. 537–543, Jan. 2020.
E. Kluska, P. Gruda, and N. Majca-Nowak, "The Accuracy and the Printing Resolution Comparison of Different 3D Printing Technologies," Transactions on Aerospace Research, vol. 2018, no. 3, pp. 69–86, Sep. 2018.
I. Buj-Corral, A. Bagheri, and M. Sivatte-Adroer, "Effect of Printing Parameters on Dimensional Error, Surface Roughness and Porosity of FFF Printed Parts with Grid Structure," Polymers, vol. 13, no. 8, Apr. 2021, Art. no. 1213.
M. Olam, "Determining of process parameters of the PLA/titanium dioxide/hydroxyapatite filament," Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 4776–4787, Oct. 2022.
D. G. Zisopol, Ingineria valorii. Ploiesti, Romania: Editura Universității din Ploiesti, 2004.
D. Zisopol, "The Place and Role of Value Analysis in the Restructuring of Production (Case Study)," Economic Insights – Trends and Challenges, vol. 1, no. 4/2012, pp. 27–35, Jan. 2012.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Dragos Gabriel Zisopol, Alexandra Ileana Portoaca, Maria Tanase
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
