Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Slag and Temperature Curing on the Strength of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete

Authors

  • Anil Kumar Motihari College of Engineering, Motihari, India
  • Rajkishor Bhagalpur College of Engineering, Bhagalpur, India
  • Niraj Kumar Motihari College of Engineering, Motihari, India
  • Anil Kumar Chhotu Motihari College of Engineering, Motihari, India
  • Bhushan Kumar Government Engineering College, Vaishali, India
Volume: 14 | Issue: 2 | Pages: 13319-13323 | April 2024 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6874

Abstract

Concrete is used most extensively after water to meet construction requirements. Since the population is increasing day by day, the demand for concrete will always increase, hence, the demand for cement will also increase. The production of cement requires a lot of energy and emits greenhouse gases into the environment. Therefore, an alternative material for cement concrete is required. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is an alternative to cement made of aluminosilicate materials such as fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast Slag (GGBS), silica fume, metakaolin, etc. If these materials are activated with an alkaline activator, then a bond that is responsible for the strength develops. GPC made with fly ash needs temperature curing to develop its strength, which limits its use on a large scale. In this study, a mix ratio of GPC equivalent to conventional M20 concrete was obtained at ambient curing conditions. The effect of temperature curing was also studied. GPC was prepared in three different mixes. In each mix, the binder content was changed by varying the fly ash and GGBS content. Two sets of cube, beam, and cylindrical samples were prepared from each mixture. One set was cured at ambient temperatures and the other at increased temperatures. The temperature-cured specimens provided higher strength than the ambient-cured. If a strength equivalent to conventional M20 concrete is required for ambient curing, then the mix should be 70% fly ash and 30% GGBS, and the ratio of binder, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate should be 1:1.5:3.

Keywords:

ambient curing, compressive strength, GGBS, geopolymer concrete, fly ash, temperature curing

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

N. Mahasenan, S. Smith, and K. Humphreys, "The Cement Industry and Global Climate Change: Current and Potential Future Cement Industry CO2 Emissions," in Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies - 6th International Conference, Kyoto, Japan, Jan. 2003, pp. 995–1000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044276-1/50157-4

V. Khozin, O. Khokhryakov, and R. Nizamov, "A «carbon footprint» of low water demand cements and cement-based concrete," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 890, no. 1, Apr. 2020, Art. no. 012105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/890/1/012105

L. Black, "Low clinker cement as a sustainable construction material," in Sustainability of Construction Materials (Second Edition), J. M. Khatib, Ed. Woodhead Publishing, 2016, pp. 415–457. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100370-1.00017-2

C. Lorea, "CO2 emission from cement industry, what’s the best estimate?," Dec. 2023. [Online]. Available: http://www.emccement.com/pdf/GCA_CO2_emission_from_cement_industry.pdf.

A. Talaei, D. Pier, A. V. Iyer, M. Ahiduzzaman, and A. Kumar, "Assessment of long-term energy efficiency improvement and greenhouse gas emissions mitigation options for the cement industry," Energy, vol. 170, pp. 1051–1066, Mar. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.088

N. Makul, "Advanced smart concrete - A review of current progress, benefits and challenges," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 274, Nov. 2020, Art. no. 122899. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122899

A. C. Ganesh and D. M. Muthukannan, "A review of recent developments in geopolymer concrete," International Journal of Engineering & Technology, vol. 7, no. 4.5, Sep. 2018, Art. no. 696. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.25061

"Effect of Polypropylene fibers over GGBS based Geopolymer Concrete Under Ambient Curing," International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, vol. 9, no. 2S2, pp. 89–92, Dec. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.B1022.1292S219

C. Ganesh and M. Muthukannan, "Investigation on the glass fiber reinforced geopolymer concrete made of M-sand," Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 501–512, Dec. 2019.

A. C. Ganesh, M. Muthukannan, S. Aakassh, Prasad, and B. Subramanaian, "Energy efficient production of geopolymer bricks using industrial waste," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 872, no. 1, Mar. 2020, Art. no. 012154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/872/1/012154

A. C. Ganesh, K. Sowmiya, and M. Muthukannan, "Investigation on the effect of steel fibers in geopolymer concrete," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 872, no. 1, Mar. 2020, Art. no. 012156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/872/1/012156

C. L. Hwang and T. P. Huynh, "Effect of alkali-activator and rice husk ash content on strength development of fly ash and residual rice husk ash-based geopolymers," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 101, pp. 1–9, Dec. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.10.025

M. M. A. Bakri, H. Mohammed, H. Kamarudin, I. K. Niza, and Y. Zarina, "Review on fly ash-based geopolymer concrete without Portland Cement," Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, vol. 3, no. 1, Jan. 2011.

P. R. Vora and U. V. Dave, "Parametric Studies on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete," Procedia Engineering, vol. 51, pp. 210–219, Jan. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.030

S. Saloma, H. Hanafiah, D. O. Elysandi, and D. G. Meykan, "Effect of Na2SiO3/NaOH on mechanical properties and microstructure of geopolymer mortar using fly ash and rice husk ash as precursor," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1903, no. 1, Nov. 2017, Art. no. 050013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5011552

M. N. S. Hadi, H. Zhang, and S. Parkinson, "Optimum mix design of geopolymer pastes and concretes cured in ambient condition based on compressive strength, setting time and workability," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 23, pp. 301–313, May 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.02.006

A. L. Han and J. J. Ekaputri, "The influence of molarity variations to the mechanical behavior of geopolymer concrete," MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 195, 2018, Art. no. 01010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819501010

A. Hassan, M. Arif, and M. Shariq, "Mechanical Behaviour and Microstructural Investigation of Geopolymer Concrete After Exposure to Elevated Temperatures," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 3843–3861, May 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-04269-9

S. Li et al., "Properties of concrete with waste glass after exposure to elevated temperatures," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 57, Oct. 2022, Art. no. 104822. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104822

S. Mane, "Investigation of geopolymer mortar and concrete under high temperature," International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 384–390, Dec. 2012.

M. B. Satpute, M. R. Wakchaure, and S. V. Patankar, "Effect of Duration and Temperature of Curing on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Concrete," International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 152–155, May 2012.

M. R. Nagral, T. Ostwal, and M. V. Chitawadagi, "Effect Of Curing Temperature And Curing Hours On The Properties Of Geo-Polymer Concrete," International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, vol. 4, no. 9, Sep. 2014.

K. Vijai, R. Kumutha, and B. G. Vishnuram, "Effect of types of curing on strength of geopolymer concrete," International Journal of the Physical Sciences, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1419–1423, Aug. 2010.

R. M. Waqas, F. Butt, X. Zhu, T. Jiang, and R. F. Tufail, "A Comprehensive Study on the Factors Affecting the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Ambient Cured Fly Ash and Slag Based Geopolymer Concrete," Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 18, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 8722. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188722

N. Kumar and R. Jha, "GIS-based Flood Risk Mapping: The Case Study of Kosi River Basin, Bihar, India," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 9830–9836, Feb. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5377

R. Sangi, B. S. Sreenivas, and K. Shanker, "Mix Design of Fly Ash and GGBS based Geopolymer Concrete activated with Water Glass," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 11884–11889, Oct. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6216

Z. A. Tunio, F. U. R. Abro, T. Ali, A. S. Buller, and M. A. Abbasi, "Influence of Coarse Aggregate Gradation on the Mechnical Properties of Concrete, Part I: No-Fines Concrete," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 4612–4615, Oct. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3046

Downloads

How to Cite

[1]
Kumar, A., Rajkishor, ., Kumar, N., Chhotu, A.K. and Kumar, B. 2024. Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Slag and Temperature Curing on the Strength of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 14, 2 (Apr. 2024), 13319–13323. DOI:https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6874.

Metrics

Abstract Views: 288
PDF Downloads: 430

Metrics Information

Most read articles by the same author(s)