LOPWRCH Protocol for Resilient and Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Received: 12 December 2024 | Revised: 8 January 2025 | Accepted: 12 January 2025 | Online: 4 June 2025
Corresponding author: Tariq Emad Ali
Abstract
Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) can operate either statically or dynamically, and this variation directly affects how the network performs. The proposed Low Power Resilient Clustering Hierarchy (LOPWRCH) protocol introduces a likelihood (i.e., probability) based clustering approach that makes the selection of network controllers more adaptable and energy efficient. We evaluate this enhancement in two types of network environments. The first is a standardized setup where nodes continuously transmit sensing data, ensuring constant communication with the Base Station (BS). The second is a more diverse network, where some nodes send data intermittently (static behavior), while others transmit continuously (dynamic behavior). Using Python and libraries like NumPy, SciPy, and SimPy, we ran extensive simulations to test the networks' performance. In the standardized setup, increasing the selection probability to 0.3 led to better data throughput reaching around 15,350 packets in the dynamic case and 11,268 in the static one. In the diverse setup, our approach significantly improved network lifespan, increasing it to about 3,985 cycles versus the 1,608 cycles of the static probability setting.
Keywords:
WSN, CLHE, resilient, staticDownloads
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Copyright (c) 2025 Tariq Emad Ali, Alwahab Dhulfiqar Zoltan
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