Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete reinforced with Hybrid Fibers containing Sustainable Materials
Received: 28 February 2024 | Revised: 14 March 2024 | Accepted: 15 March 2024 | Online: 1 June 2024
Corresponding author: Saif Ibrahim Hendi
Abstract
This study investigates the behavior of recycled Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC), made from finely ground recycled raw materials and containing a certain percentage of recycled copper (electrical waste copper wire) and steel fibers. This concrete has a relatively low water-to-binder ratio and is composed of cement, fine aggregate, and ultrafine powders, such as quartz powder and silica fume. The properties of Fiber-Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete (FR-RPC) containing micro-steel fibers, recycled copper fibers, and a mixture of steel-recycled and copper fibers were investigated. A micro-steel fiber RPC (MF1) was used as a reference mix, having 1% steel fibers by volume with 13 mm length and 0.2 mm diameter. Recycled copper fiber RPC (MF2) was prepared utilizing 1% recycled copper fibers by volume, with a diameter of 0.2 mm and a length of 10 mm. In addition, Hybrid FR-RPC (HFR-RPC) samples were prepared by mixing micro steel fibers and recycled copper fibers in proportions of 0.5-0.5% (MF3), 0.4-0.6% (MF4), and 0.3-0.7% (MF5), respectively. The compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength of these FR-RPC mixes were studied. The results displayed that MF3 achieved slightly lower compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength than MF1 and higher than MF2, MF4, and MF5. Although the mechanical strengths of MF3 were marginally lower than those of MF1, compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength were almost the same. Therefore, copper wire waste fibers can be employed along with steel fibers with excellent results.
Keywords:
reactive powder concrete, sustainable materials, hybrid fibers, micro steel fiber, recycled copper fiber, mechanical propertiesDownloads
References
Z. K. Abbas, H. A. Al-Baghdadi, R. S. Mahmood, and E. S. Abd, "Reducing the Reactive Powder Concrete Weight by Using Building Waste as Replacement of Cement," Journal of Ecological Engineering, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 25–32, Aug. 2023.
J. Xu et al., "Behaviour of ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete columns subjected to blast loading," Engineering Structures, vol. 118, pp. 97–107, Jul. 2016.
O. A. Mayhoub, E.-S. A. R. Nasr, Y. A. Ali, and M. Kohail, "The influence of ingredients on the properties of reactive powder concrete: A review," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 145–158, Mar. 2021.
S. S. Hussein and N. M. Fawzi, "Influence of Using Various Percentages of Slag on Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete," Journal of Engineering, vol. 27, no. 10, 2021.
L. Facconi, F. Minelli, G. Plizzari, and P. Ceresa, "Experimental study on steel fiber reinforced concrete beams in pure torsion," in Proceedings of the fib Symposium 2019 Concrete-Innovations in Materials, Design and Structures, 2019, pp. 1811–1818.
N. M. Fawzi and Z. F. Muhsin, "Effect of Fly Ash on Some Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete," Journal of Engineering, vol. 27, no. 11, 2021.
A. Swarup and G. Pathan, "A Review on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete," International Journal of Advance Research in science and Engineering, vol. 1, no. 10, pp. 2319–8354, 2017.
M. Asim et al., "A Review on Pineapple Leaves Fibre and Its Composites," International Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 2015, Oct. 2015, Art. no. e950567.
A. N. Dalaf and S. D. Mohammed, "The Impact of Hybrid Fibers on Punching Shear Strength of Concrete Flat Plates Exposed to Fire," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 7452–7457, Aug. 2021.
M. M. Kadhum, "Studying of Some Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Using Local Materials," Journal of Engineering, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 113–135, Jul. 2015.
Z. A. Hussain and N. Aljalawi, "Effect of Sustainable Glass Powder on the Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete with Polypropylene Fibers," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 8388–8392, Apr. 2022.
A. N. Abdullah and N. M. Fawzi, "The Effect of Using Different Aspect Ratios of Sustainable Copper Fiber on Some Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Green Concrete," Journal of Engineering, vol. 29, no. 11, 2023.
"IQS 5: Portland Cement Specialties." Iraqi Standard Specification, 2019.
"IQS 45: Aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete, Central Agency for Standardization and Quality Control." Iraqi Standard Specification, 1984.
"IQS 1703: Water Used for Concrete and Mortar." Iraqi Standard Specification, 2018.
"ASTM C1240-15: Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures." ASTM, 2015.
B. Uzbas and A. C. Aydin, "Microstructural Analysis of Silica Fume Concrete with Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 5845–5850, Jun. 2020.
"ASTM C494/C494M-17 : Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete." ASTM, 2013.
"ASTM C311/C311M-16 : Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Coal Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Concrete." ASTM.
"ASTM C618-15: Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete." ASTM, 2015.
L. R. C. Tavares, J. F. T. Junior, L. M. Costa, A. C. da Silva Bezerra, P. R. Cetlin, and M. T. P. Aguilar, "Influence of quartz powder and silica fume on the performance of Portland cement," Scientific Reports, vol. 10, no. 1, Dec. 2020, Art. no. 21461.
M. H. Muhsin and I. H. AbdElzahra, "Studying the Combination Effect of Additives and Micro Steel Fibers on Cracks of Self-Healing Concrete," Journal of Engineering, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 49–67, Jan. 2016.
"ACI 544.2R-89: Measurement of Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (Reapproved 2009)." ACI, 2009.
"ASTM C109/C109M-02: Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)." ASTM, 2002.
A. R. Kurup and K. S. Kumar, "Novel Fibrous Concrete Mixture Made from Recycled PVC Fibers from Electronic Waste," Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste, vol. 21, no. 2, Apr. 2017, Art. no. 04016020.
S. S. Hussein and N. M. Fawzi, "Behavior of Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced by Sustainable Copper Fiber," IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 856, no. 1, Jun. 2021, Art. no. 012022.
D. Suhirkam, B. H. Fuady, L. Flaviana, and Suhadi, "The Copper Fiber On Compressive Strength And Elastic Modulus On Concrete Fc’25," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1500, no. 1, Dec. 2020, Art. no. 012085.
"ASTM C293/C293M-16: Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading)." ASTM, 2016.
B. Shobana, B. N. B. Bright, and P. G. Student, "Experimental Investigation on High Performance Concrete by Using Electric Copper Wire," International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 5, 2017.
"ASTM C496/C496M-17: Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens." ASTM.
M. H. Naser, F. H. Naser, and M. K. Dhahir, "Tensile behavior of fiber reinforced cement mortar using wastes of electrical connections wires and galvanized binding wires," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 264, Dec. 2020, Art. no. 120244.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Saif Ibrahim Hendi, Nada Mahdi Fawzi Aljalawi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.