Modular Ontology to Support Manufacturing SMEs Toward Industry 4.0
Received: 1 October 2023 | Revised: 22 October 2023 | Accepted: 26 October 2023 | Online: 10 November 2023
Corresponding author: Oscar Hernandez-Uribe
Abstract
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) implementation is a hot topic among manufacturing organizations to reach smart factory status and integrate a fully connected ecosystem. Achieving such a transition presents notable challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) since they often face resource and skilled personnel limitations. This study developed a domain ontology to represent various stages of maturity toward I4.0 implementation. Ontology provides a tool for SMEs to self-assess in situations of machines, processes, and factories for the dimensions of control, integration, and intelligence. This study focused on the identification of classes and relationships according to I4.0 implementation situations in the context of a manufacturing setting, the reuse of ontologies related to the domain of observations to model situations, and the creation and validation of the ontology through the information obtained from the questionnaires applied to SMEs. Finally, the ontology delivers a tool to understand SMEs' current state concerning I4.0 implementation and plan based on informed decisions about the maturity state and the technology required to advance to the next stage in their manufacturing processes.
Keywords:
semantic web, Industry 4.0, SPARQL, SMEs, domain ontology, smart factoryDownloads
References
Y. Liao, F. Deschamps, E. de F. R. Loures, and L. F. P. Ramos, "Past, present and future of Industry 4.0 - a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal," International Journal of Production Research, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 3609–3629, Jun. 2017.
N. C. Nwasuka, U. Nwaiwu, and N. C. Princewill, "Industry 4.0: An Overview," Proceedings on Engineering Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 69–78, Feb. 2022.
"German Standardization Roadmap Industrie 4.0 – Version 5," DKE German Commission for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies, Jan. 2023.
E. Järvenpää, N. Siltala, O. Hylli, and M. Lanz, "The development of an ontology for describing the capabilities of manufacturing resources," Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 959–978, Feb. 2019.
P. Zheng et al., "Smart manufacturing systems for Industry 4.0: Conceptual framework, scenarios, and future perspectives," Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 137–150, Jun. 2018.
Z. Shi, Y. Xie, W. Xue, Y. Chen, L. Fu, and X. Xu, "Smart factory in Industry 4.0," Systems Research and Behavioral Science, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 607–617, 2020.
M. Sanchez, E. Exposito, and J. Aguilar, "Industry 4.0: survey from a system integration perspective," International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 33, no. 10–11, pp. 1017–1041, Nov. 2020.
S. H. Moon, "Industry 4.0 for Advanced Manufacturing and its Implementation," Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 491–497.
G. F. Frederico, J. A. Garza-Reyes, A. Anosike, and V. Kumar, "Supply Chain 4.0: concepts, maturity and research agenda," Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 262–282, Jan. 2019.
B. Tjahjono, C. Esplugues, E. Ares, and G. Pelaez, "What does Industry 4.0 mean to Supply Chain?," Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 13, pp. 1175–1182, Jan. 2017.
D. Horváth and R. Zs. Szabó, "Driving forces and barriers of Industry 4.0: Do multinational and small and medium-sized companies have equal opportunities?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 146, pp. 119–132, Sep. 2019.
M. F. Mubarak, F. A. Shaikh, M. Mubarik, K. A. Samo, and S. Mastoi, "The Impact of Digital Transformation on Business Performance: A Study of Pakistani SMEs," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 5056–5061, Dec. 2019.
E. Pessot, A. Zangiacomi, C. Battistella, V. Rocchi, A. Sala, and M. Sacco, "What matters in implementing the factory of the future: Insights from a survey in European manufacturing regions," Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 795–819, Jan. 2020.
T. Masood and P. Sonntag, "Industry 4.0: Adoption challenges and benefits for SMEs," Computers in Industry, vol. 121, Oct. 2020, Art. no. 103261.
A. C. Pereira and F. Romero, "A review of the meanings and the implications of the Industry 4.0 concept," Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 13, pp. 1206–1214, Jan. 2017.
M. Sony and S. S. Naik, "Ten Lessons for Managers While Implementing Industry 4.0," IEEE Engineering Management Review, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 45–52, 2019.
R. C. Santos and J. L. Martinho, "An Industry 4.0 maturity model proposal," Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1023–1043, Jan. 2020.
F. Giustozzi, J. Saunier, and C. Zanni-Merk, "Context Modeling for Industry 4.0: an Ontology-Based Proposal," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 126, pp. 675–684, Jan. 2018.
N. Guarino, D. Oberle, and S. Staab, "What Is an Ontology?," in Handbook on Ontologies, S. Staab and R. Studer, Eds. Springer, 2009, pp. 1–17.
N. Aloui, W. Almukadi, and A. Belghith, "Towards an IOT Approach for Smart Waste Management based on Context Ontology: A Case Study," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 10186–10191, Feb. 2023.
M. R. Naqvi, L. Elmhadhbi, A. Sakar, D. Xu, and M. H. Karray, "A Context -Specific Modularization for Ontology Change Management", in Procedia Computer Science, vol. 207, pp. 2578–2587, Oct. 2022.
V. R. S. Kumar et al., "Ontologies for Industry 4.0," The Knowledge Engineering Review, vol. 34, Jan. 2019, Art. no. e17.
B. Heydari and M. Aajami, "Providing a New Model for Discovering Cloud Services Based on Ontology," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 2268–2272, Dec. 2017.
M. H. Eslami, L. Achtenhagen, C. T. Bertsch, and A. Lehmann, "Knowledge-sharing across supply chain actors in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies: An exploratory case study within the automotive industry," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 186, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 122118.
C. Onyeme and K. Liyanage, "A systematic review of Industry 4.0 maturity models: applicability in the O&G upstream industry," World Journal of Engineering, vol. ahead-of-print, no. ahead-of-print, Jan. 2022.
A. S. Barry, S. Assoul, and N. Souissi, "Benchmarking of digital maturity models according to the dimension component," in 2022 2nd International Conference on Innovative Research in Applied Science, Engineering and Technology (IRASET), Meknes, Morocco, Mar. 2022, pp. 1–8.
S. Jaskó, A. Skrop, T. Holczinger, T. Chován, and J. Abonyi, "Development of manufacturing execution systems in accordance with Industry 4.0 requirements: A review of standard- and ontology-based methodologies and tools," Computers in Industry, vol. 123, Dec. 2020, Art. no. 103300.
V. Bisht and V. G. Sridhar, "Roadmap to Implementation of Industry 4.0 in Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises in India," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2115, no. 1, Aug. 2021, Art. no. 012024.
A. Cotrino, M. A. Sebastián, and C. González-Gaya, "Industry 4.0 Roadmap: Implementation for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises," Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 23, Jan. 2020, Art. no. 8566.
B. Felippes, I. da Silva, S. Barbalho, T. Adam, I. Heine, and R. Schmitt, "3D-CUBE readiness model for industry 4.0: technological, organizational, and process maturity enablers," Production & Manufacturing Research, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 875–937, Dec. 2022.
A. Schumacher, T. Nemeth, and W. Sihn, "Roadmapping towards industrial digitalization based on an Industry 4.0 maturity model for manufacturing enterprises," Procedia CIRP, vol. 79, pp. 409–414, Jan. 2019.
A. Schumacher, S. Erol, and W. Sihn, "A Maturity Model for Assessing Industry 4.0 Readiness and Maturity of Manufacturing Enterprises," Procedia CIRP, vol. 52, pp. 161–166, Jan. 2016.
K. Lichtblau et al., Industrie 4.0 Readiness [eng.]. Frankfurt, Germany: Impuls-Stiftung, 2023.
P. K. Hajoary, "Industry 4.0 Maturity and Readiness- A case of a Steel Manufacturing Organization," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 217, pp. 614–619, Jan. 2023.
S. R. Hamidi, A. A. Aziz, S. M. Shuhidan, A. A. Aziz, and M. Mokhsin, "SMEs Maturity Model Assessment of IR4.0 Digital Transformation," in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research 2018, Kuching, Malaysia, 2018, pp. 721–732.
I. Grangel-González, L. Halilaj, G. Coskun, S. Auer, D. Collarana, and M. Hoffmeister, "Towards a Semantic Administrative Shell for Industry 4.0 Components," in 2016 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), Laguna Hills, CA, USA, Oct. 2016, pp. 230–237.
J. Qin, Y. Liu, and R. Grosvenor, "A Categorical Framework of Manufacturing for Industry 4.0 and Beyond," Procedia CIRP, vol. 52, pp. 173–178, Jan. 2016.
P. Monteiro, C. Lima, T. Pinto, P. Nogueira, A. Reis, and V. Filipe, "Context-Aware Applications in Industry 4.0: A Systematic Literature Review," in Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Special Sessions I, 20th International Conference, 2023, pp. 301–311.
Q. Cao, F. Giustozzi, C. Zanni-Merk, F. de Bertrand de Beuvron, and C. Reich, "Smart Condition Monitoring for Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Processes: An Ontology-Based Approach," Cybernetics and Systems, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 82–96, Feb. 2019.
Y. Burov, "Knowledge Based Situation Awareness Process Based on Ontologies," presented at the 5th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Systems, Kharkiv, Ukraine, Apr. 2021.
I. B. Mirza, D. Georgakopoulos, and A. Yavari, "Improving Situation Awareness via a Situation Model-Based Intersection of IoT Sensor and Social Media Information Spaces," Sensors, vol. 22, no. 20, Jan. 2022, Art. no. 7823.
S. Mittal, M. A. Khan, D. Romero, and T. Wuest, "A critical review of smart manufacturing & Industry 4.0 maturity models: Implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)," Journal of Manufacturing Systems, vol. 49, pp. 194–214, Oct. 2018.
"OntoCommons Roadmap V1," OntoCommons, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://zenodo.org/records/7544509.
A. Amaral and P. Peças, "A Framework for Assessing Manufacturing SMEs Industry 4.0 Maturity," Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 13, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 6127.
N .F. Noy and D. L. McGuinness, "Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology," 2001.
C. Shimizu, K. Hammar, and P. Hitzler, "Modular ontology modeling," Semantic Web, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 459–489, Jan. 2023.
N. E. A. Amrani, O. E. K. Abra, M. Youssfi, and O. Bouattane, "A Novel Deep Learning Approach for Semantic Interoperability Between Heteregeneous Multi-Agent Systems," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 4566–4573, Aug. 2019.
M. A. Musen, "The protégé project: a look back and a look forward," AI Matters, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 4–12, Mar. 2015.
"Cellfie." Protégé Project, [Online]. Available: https://github.com/protegeproject/cellfie-plugin.
C. Reyes-Peña and M. Tovar-Vidal, "Ontology: Components and Evaluation, a Review," Research in Computing Science, vol. 148, no. 3, pp. 257–265, Dec. 2019.
M. Chaabane, I. Bouassida Rodriguez, R. Colomo-Palacios, W. Gaaloul, and M. Jmaiel, "A modeling approach for Systems-of-Systems by adapting ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 Standard evaluated by Goal-Question-Metric," Science of Computer Programming, vol. 184, Art. no. 102305, Oct. 2019.
Z. Jiang, O. J. Bakker, and P. J. Bartolo, "Critical Review of Industry 4.0 Technologies’ Applications on Occupational Safety and Health," in 2022 8th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT), Istanbul, Turkey, Feb. 2022, vol. 1, pp. 1267–1272.
F. Giustozzi, J. Saunier, and C. Zanni-Merk, "Abnormal Situations Interpretation in Industry 4.0 using Stream Reasoning," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 159, pp. 620–629, Jan. 2019.
A. Haller, A. Polleres, D. Dobriy, N. Ferranti, and S. J. Rodríguez Méndez, "An Analysis of Links in Wikidata," in The Semantic Web, Hersonissos, Greece, 2022, pp. 21–38.
E. Sanfilippo, Y. Kitamura, and R. I. M. Young, "Formal ontologies in manufacturing," Applied Ontology, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 119–125, Dec. 2019.
O. Heidenwolf and I. Szabó, "Construction 4.0 maturity tool with ontology development methodology for organisations," presented at the Creative Construction Conference 2023, 2023, pp. 246–251.
S. R. Bader, I. Grangel-Gonzalez, P. Nanjappa, M.-E. Vidal, and M. Maleshkova, "A Knowledge Graph for Industry 4.0," in The Semantic Web, Heraklion, Greece, 2020, pp. 465–480.
Fadwa Zaoui and N. Souissi, "Onto-Digital: An Ontology-Based Model for Digital Transformation’s Knowledge," International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1–12, Dec. 2018.
M. Yahya, J. G. Breslin, and M. I. Ali, "Semantic Web and Knowledge Graphs for Industry 4.0," Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 11, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 5110.
A. Müller, I. Grangel-González, and C. Lange, "An Ontological View of the RAMI4.0 Asset Administration Shell:," in Proceedings of the 12th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Discovery, Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, Budapest, Hungary, 2020, pp. 165–172.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Zaida Antonieta Mora-Alvarez, Oscar Hernandez-Uribe, Ramon Alberto Luque-Morales, Leonor Adriana Cardenas-Robledo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
