A Contemporary House Proposal: Structural Analysis of Wood and Steel Bungalows
Received: 1 April 2023 | Revised: 18 April 2023 | Accepted: 2 May 2023 | Online: 2 June 2023
Corresponding author: Cagatay Takva
Abstract
The housing typologies that meet shelter and other basic needs are diverse, and bungalows are one of them. These buildings are generally single-story and mostly use wooden building materials. This paper introduces a new construction technique using steel, which is more durable than typical wooden bungalow houses. This design aimed to create a new building stock based on the logic of mass production, where modular steel bars can be prefabricated and transported to the construction site. An architectural design with a steel construction instead of a wooden one and a hexagonal plan instead of a rectangular one was developed. Structures designed with wooden and steel materials were compared using the structural analysis method. Structural analysis of the construction designs using wood and S235 steel grade was performed with the SAP2000 software. The structures were evaluated according to displacement, modal analysis periods, and self-weight, and their static suitability was tested. This new architectural design was developed because steel can maintain its strength for a long time compared to wood and has a higher modulus of elasticity. The results showed that wood and steel materials exhibit similar behavior under the same cross-sections, but the steel structure has come to the forefront as it is lighter than wood in terms of self-weight.
Keywords:
building design, bungalow, house, steel construction, structural analysis, wood constructionDownloads
References
E. N. Ekhaese, B. Amole, and O. Izobo-Martins, "Prefiguring houses in a traditional city: a case for Benin house types and characteristics," Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 1–15, May 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2014.994810
A. King, Spaces of Global Cultures: Architecture, Urbanism, Identity. London, UK: Routledge, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203483121
N. N. M. Nazir, N. Othman, and A. H. Nawawi, "Role of Green Infrastructure in Determining House Value in Labuan Using Hedonic Pricing Model," Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 170, pp. 484–493, Jan. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.051
K. Seneviratne, D. Amaratunga, and R. Haigh, "Managing housing needs of post conflict housing reconstruction: Sri Lankan perspective," Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 275–288, Jan. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-10-2015-0157
W. A. Hatem, A. M. Abd, and N. N. Abbas, "Motivation Factors for Adopting Building Information Modeling (BIM) in Iraq," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 2668–2672, Apr. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1860
A. S. Mozhdegani and R. Afhami, "Using Ecotech Architecture as an Effective Tool for Sustainability in Construction Industry," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1914–1917, Oct. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1230
H. R. Mafakheri, A. H. Hejazi, and M. Dashti, "Design of the Administrative Building of Kuhsar City under a Sustainable Architecture Concept Approach," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1080–1083, Aug. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.723
K. Pancerz, "Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach for decision systems over ontological graphs," in 2012 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), Wroclaw, Poland, Sep. 2012, pp. 323–330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32115-3_29
U. Flemming, "Structure in Bungalow Plans," Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 393–404, Dec. 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/b080393
T. Guilloux, "The Maison ‘Tropique,’" Fabrications, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 6–25, Dec. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10331867.2008.10539632
M. Z. Hussin, N. Hasliza, A. Yaacob, Z. M. Zain, A. M. Omar, and S. Shaari, "A development and challenges of grid-connected photovoltaic system in Malaysia," in 2012 IEEE Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium, Jul. 2012, pp. 191–196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSGRC.2012.6287160
H. Meier and K. Rehdanz, "Determinants of residential space heating expenditures in Great Britain," Energy Economics, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 949–959, Sep. 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2009.11.008
N. D. Nordin and H. A. Rahman, "Pre-installation Design Simulation Tool for Grid-connected Photovoltaic System Using Iterative Methods," Energy Procedia, vol. 68, pp. 68–76, Apr. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.234
H. Tong and J. Kang, "Relationships between noise complaints and socio-economic factors in England," Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 65, Feb. 2021, Art. no. 102573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102573
F. Pallonetto, M. De Rosa, and D. P. Finn, "Impact of intelligent control algorithms on demand response flexibility and thermal comfort in a smart grid ready residential building," Smart Energy, vol. 2, May 2021, Art. no. 100017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2021.100017
G. P. Gerilla, K. Teknomo, and K. Hokao, "An environmental assessment of wood and steel reinforced concrete housing construction," Building and Environment, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 2778–2784, Jul. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.07.021
X. Sun, M. He, and Z. Li, "Novel engineered wood and bamboo composites for structural applications: State-of-art of manufacturing technology and mechanical performance evaluation," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 249, Jul. 2020, Art. no. 118751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118751
O. A. B. Hassan, F. Öberg, and E. Gezelius, "Cross-laminated timber flooring and concrete slab flooring: A comparative study of structural design, economic and environmental consequences," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 26, Nov. 2019, Art. no. 100881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100881
Z. Y. İleri̇soy and M. P. Başeğmez, "Conceptual Research of Movement in Kinetic Architecture," Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 342–352, Jun. 2018.
I. Caetano, L. Santos, and A. Leitão, "Computational design in architecture: Defining parametric, generative, and algorithmic design," Frontiers of Architectural Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 287–300, Jun. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.12.008
Z. Y. İlerisoy, "Effects of plane dimensions and number of storeys on the cost of rectangular-plane buildings constructed with tunnel form," Megaron, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 559–568, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5505/megaron.2018.98698
Z. Harmankaya and M. Tuna, "Effects of Number of Storeys and Concrete Strength on the Building Cost of the Multi Storied Buildings Produced by Using Tunnel Form in Turkey," Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 426–432, 2011.
M. E. Tuna and Z. Y. İleri̇soy, "Construction costs of tunnel form buildings," Građevinar, vol. 65, no. 2, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14256/JCE.854.2011
Z. Y. İlerisoy, A. Aycı, H. Aycı, and E. B. Kınacı, "Impacts of architectural education on entrepreneurial intention: a case study of senior architects from six universities in Turkey," Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 719–737, Jan. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ARCH-11-2020-0269
"SAP2000 | Structural Analysis Design." [Online]. Available: https://www.csiamerica.com/products/sap2000.
Z. Y. Ilerisoy and Y. Takva, "Nanotechnological Developments in Structural Design: Load-Bearing Materials," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1900–1903, Oct. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1414
B. Rossi, "Discussion on the use of stainless steel in constructions in view of sustainability," Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 83, pp. 182–189, Oct. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.01.021
G. Di Lorenzo, A. Formisano, G. Terracciano, and R. Landolfo, "Iron alloys and structural steels from XIX century until today: Evolution of mechanical properties and proposal of a rapid identification method," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 302, Oct. 2021, Art. no. 124132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124132
G. H. Powell, "Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures," Earthquake Spectra, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 555–557, May 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2932170
D. Pennucci, T. J. Sullivan, and G. M. Calvi, "Displacement Reduction Factors for the Design of Medium and Long Period Structures," Journal of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 15, no. sup1, pp. 1–29, Mar. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2011.562073
S. W. Park, H. S. Park, J. H. Kim, and H. Adeli, "3D displacement measurement model for health monitoring of structures using a motion capture system," Measurement, vol. 59, pp. 352–362, Jan. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.09.063
T. Khuc and F. N. Catbas, "Computer vision-based displacement and vibration monitoring without using physical target on structures," Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 505–516, Apr. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2016.1164729
J. Sim, Z. Qiu, and X. Wang, "Modal analysis of structures with uncertain-but-bounded parameters via interval analysis," Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 303, no. 1, pp. 29–45, Jun. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2006.11.038
E. Reynders and G. De Roeck, "A local flexibility method for vibration-based damage localization and quantification," Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, no. 12, pp. 2367–2383, Jun. 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2009.04.026
D. D. Quinn, "Modal analysis of jointed structures," Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 331, no. 1, pp. 81–93, Jan. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2011.08.017
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Yenal Takva, Cagatay Takva, Fulya Goksen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
