Suitability Analysis of Stone Column Materials with PLAXIS
Received: 17 January 2022 | Revised: 21 February 2022 | Accepted: 27 February 2022 | Online: 9 April 2022
Corresponding author: S. Saxena
Abstract
Stone columns are usually provided in groups to support various geotechnical structures, such as embankments, storage tanks, etc. Several experimental and numerical studies have been performed to study the response of stone columns as soil reinforcement. For relatively moderate loading of a structure, application of stone columns either singly or in groups is widely used. The enhancement of strength of the soil is governed by the type of original subsoil and the properties of the coarse aggregate materials used for the stone columns. Several researchers have analyzed different coarse-grained materials using various plane strain approaches to model the stone columns. This article deals with the non-linear analysis of an isolated stone column embedded in a semi-infinite medium of sandy soil. The parameters which crucially affect the settlement characteristics and the bulging failure of stone columns have been determined. The suitabilities of two different natural aggregates, pebble gravels, and crushed pebble gravels as materials for the stone column have been compared on the basis of their settlement behavior using 2D numerical modeling with the PLAXIS software.
Keywords:
soil improvement, stone columns, numerical modeling, natural aggregatesDownloads
References
N. P. Balaam and J. R. Booker, "Analysis of rigid rafts supported by granular piles," International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 379–403, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610050405
M. Alamgir, N. Miura, H. B. Poorooshasb, and M. R. Madhav, "Deformation analysis of soft ground reinforced by columnar inclusions," Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 267–290, Jan. 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-352X(95)00034-8
A. P. Ambily and S. R. Gandhi, "Behavior of Stone Columns Based on Experimental and FEM Analysis," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 133, no. 4, pp. 405–415, Apr. 2007.
R. D. Barksdale and R. C. Bachus, Design and construction of stone columns, vol. 1. Washington DC, USA: Federal Highway Administration, 1983.
A. J. Choobbasti, A. Zahmatkesh, and R. Noorzad, "Performance of Stone Columns in Soft Clay: Numerical Evaluation," Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 29, no. 5, Feb. 2011, Art. no. 675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9409-x
D. A. Greenwood, "Mechanical improvement of soils below ground surface," in Ground Engineering Conference, Jan. 1970, pp. 11–22.
M. Bouassida, P. De Buhan, and L. Dormieux, "Bearing capacity of a foundation resting on a soil reinforced by a group of columns," Géotechnique, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 25–34, Nov. 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1995.45.1.25
J. M. O. Hughes, N. J. Withers, and D. A. Greenwood, "A field trial of the reinforcing effect of a stone column in soil," Géotechnique, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 31–44, Nov. 1975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1975.25.1.31
M. B. D. Elsawy, "Behaviour of soft ground improved by conventional and geogrid-encased stone columns, based on FEM study," Geosynthetics International, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 276–285, Dec. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.13.00017
J. Han and S.-L. Ye, "Simplified Method for Consolidation Rate of Stone Column Reinforced Foundations," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 127, no. 7, pp. 597–603, Jul. 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:7(597)
A. Firoozfar, A. Rostami, H. Ghaderi, H. Zamani, and A. Rostamkhani, "Assessing the Effects of Length, Slope and Distance between Piles on the Bearing Capacity of a Pile Group under Axial Loading in Granular Soil," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1894–1899, Oct. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1352
M. A. Soomro, K. F. Memon, M. A. Soomro, A. Memon, and M. A. Keerio, "Single Pile Settlement and Load Transfer Mechanism due to Excavation in Silty Clay," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 2485–2492, Feb. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1666
A. P. Ambily and S. R. Gandhi, "Behavior of Stone Columns Based on Experimental and FEM Analysis," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 133, no. 4, pp. 405–415, Apr. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:4(405)
K. Deb and A. Behera, "Rate of Consolidation of Stone Column–Improved Ground Considering Variable Permeability and Compressibility in Smear Zone," International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 17, no. 6, Jun. 2017, Art. no. 04016128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000830
M. Ghazavi, A. Ehsani Yamchi, and J. Nazari Afshar, "Bearing capacity of horizontally layered geosynthetic reinforced stone columns," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 312–318, Mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2018.01.002
A. Madun et al., "Mathematical solution of the stone column effect on the load bearing capacity and settlement using numerical analysis," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 995, Dec. 2018, Art. no. 012036. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/995/1/012036
K. S. Ng and S. A. Tan, "Design and analyses of floating stone columns," Soils and Foundations, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 478–487, Mar. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.04.013
D. A. Mangnejo, S. J. Oad, S. A. Kalhoro, S. Ahmed, F. H. Laghari, and Z. A. Siyal, "Numerical Analysis of Soil Slope Stabilization by Soil Nailing Technique," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 4469–4473, Aug. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2859
S. Rajesh and P. Jain, "Influence of permeability of soft clay on the efficiency of stone columns and geosynthetic-encased stone columns – a numerical study," International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 483–493, Jul. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/1939787914Y.0000000088
S. Rajesh, "Time-dependent behaviour of fully and partially penetrated geosynthetic encased stone columns," Geosynthetics International, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 60–71, Oct. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.16.00015
J. Stacho and M. Sulovska, "Numerical Analysis of Soil Improvement for a Foundation of a Factory Using Stone Columns Made of Different Types of Coarse-grained Materials," Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 795–803, Jul. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3311/PPci.13727
J. K. Mitchell, "Soil Improvement — State-of-the Art Report," presented at the 10th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, Sweden, 1981.
J. T. Shahu and Y. R. Reddy, "Clayey Soil Reinforced with Stone Column Group: Model Tests and Analyses," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 137, no. 12, pp. 1265–1274, Dec. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000552
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Shivangi Saxena, L. B. Roy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
