A Parallel-SSHI Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Interface with Efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Half-Cycle Sampling Technique

Chong Gun Yu

doi:10.48084/etasr.18456

Authors

Chong Gun Yu Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea

Volume: 16 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 36257-36263 | June 2026 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.18456

Received: 1 March 2026 | Revised: 5 April 2026 | Accepted: 17 April 2026 | Online: 10 May 2026

Corresponding author: Chong Gun Yu

Abstract

Efficient Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in vibration energy harvesting systems commonly relies on the Fractional Open Circuit Voltage (FOCV) technique, which requires fast and accurate sampling of the Open Circuit Voltage (VOC). However, conventional FOCV approaches that periodically open the Rectifier (REC) output suffer from long VOC settling times, leading to increased power losses and degraded tracking efficiency. This paper presents a fast half-cycle VOC sampling technique and its application to a Parallel Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor (P-SSHI) rectifier-based interface circuit. By opening the piezoelectric energy harvester via the negative-voltage converter rather than the REC output, the proposed method enables VOC sampling in only half of the vibration cycle while minimizing the MPPT phase. In addition, operation-aware block enabling is employed to further reduce circuit power consumption. The proposed interface circuit was designed in a 0.35-μm CMOS process. Simulation results demonstrate that the circuit delivers 19.5-89.0 μW to the load over an input range of 0.75-1.6 V at 150 Hz. The achieved MPPT efficiency exceeds 97.7%, peaking at 98.6%, while the Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) exceeds 96.1%, peaking at 97.4%. The proposed approach significantly reduces MPPT-induced power loss and is well-suited for low-power vibration energy harvesting applications.

Keywords:

energy harvesting, piezoelectric, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), FOCV, P-SSHI rectifier

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