An Internet of Things Framework for Real-Time Fruit Ripeness Monitoring and Analysis for Logistic Enhancement

Deepali Y. Loni; Sonali S. Kumbhar; Shivam S. Kamble; Shravani G. Tavate; Aditi G. Shintre

doi:10.48084/etasr.17843

Authors

Deepali Y. Loni Department of Electronics and Tele-Communication Engineering, DKTE’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7028-8845
Sonali S. Kumbhar Department of Electronics and Tele- Communication Engineering, DKTE’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India
Shivam S. Kamble Department of Electronics and Tele- Communication Engineering, DKTE’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India
Shravani G. Tavate Department of Electronics and Tele- Communication Engineering, DKTE’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India
Aditi G. Shintre Department of Electronics and Tele- Communication Engineering, DKTE’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, India

Volume: 16 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 35121-35128 | June 2026 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.17843

Received: 30 January 2026 | Revised: 3 March 2026 | Accepted: 20 March 2026 | Online: 7 April 2026
Corresponding author: Deepali Y. Loni

Abstract

A significant challenge in the agricultural supply chain sector is the post-harvest loss of fruits and vegetables during transport and storage. This study focuses on mitigating post-harvest losses, especially in bananas. A comprehensive solution is presented through a robust real-time fruit condition monitoring framework that involves the timely analysis of parameters captured using multiple sensors, addressing the existing gap in the current agricultural logistics system. The systematic design and architecture of the system enable the sensors to measure temperature, ethylene, and carbon dioxide, while the Raspberry Pi Pico W handles data processing. The fruit shelf life is extended by incorporating an energy-efficient cooling mechanism using a Peltier device and an algorithmic optimization of battery management. The user-friendly dashboard assists vendors by providing real-time visualization of the ripening status of each fruit box, thereby facilitating logistics. The experimental results using bananas demonstrate the system’s impact on improving shelf life, reducing spoilage, and enhancing decision-making during transportation.

Keywords:

real-time monitoring, fruit ripening, IoT, logistics, ethylene, cloud storage, post-harvest loss

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

C. Khandelwal, M. Singhal, G. Gaurav, G. S. Dangayach and M. L. Meena, "Agriculture supply chain management: A review (2010–2020)", Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 47, pp. 3144–3153, Jan. 2021.

J. Ranjan, R. Sahni, and C. S. Ramya, "Post-harvest Losses of Fruits and Vegetables in India", ICAR-IARI, New Delhi & ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, Sep. 2023.

M. Chandrasekaran and R. Ranganathan, "Modelling and optimisation of Indian traditional agriculture supply chain to reduce post-harvest loss and CO₂ emission", Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 117, no. 9, pp. 1817–1841, Oct. 2017.

A. Kundu, A. Das, S. Pal, A. Ghosh, M. Adak, M. Fujita and M. Hasanuzzaman, "Elicitation-Based Modulation of Shelf Life in Fruits: Physiological and Molecular Insights", Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, vol. 92, vol. 8, pp. 2283–2300, 2023.

A. Alshdadi, S. Kamel, E. Alsolami, M. D. Lytras and S. Boubaker, "An IoT Smart System for Cold Supply Chain Storage and Transportation Management," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 13167–13172, Mar. 2024.

B. N. Patil, S. V. Gupta, K. S. Argade, A. Alokkumar and M. D. Deshmukh, "IoT Sensor-Based Gas Detection Device for Stored Fruits", Plant Archives, vol. 25, no. SI, pp. 750–756, Jan. 2025.

M. E. Saltveit, "Effect of ethylene on quality of fresh fruits and vegetables", Postharvest Biology and Technology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 279-292, Apr. 1999.

L. Protopappas, D. Bechtsis and N. Tsotsolas, 'IoT Services for Monitoring Food Supply Chains", Applied Sciences, vol. 15, no. 13, Art. No. 7602, Jul. 2025.

S. Ashim, A. Lubaina, R. Rudrita, H. Toushif, S. S. J. Mohammad, S. Al Abid, S. MOhammad, U. R. Mohammad and H. Mahady, "IoT Based Fruit Quality Inspection and Lifespan Detection System", in Proceedings of the 2023 7th International Conference on Computing, Communication, Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), Pune, India, 2023, pp. 1-6.

S. Shivam and S. Himanshu, "An IoT-Based Controlled Environment Storage for Prevention of Spoilage of Onion (Allium Cepa) During Post-Harvest with UV-C Disinfection", arXiv, Jan. 2026.

J. R. Raj, S. Srinivasulu, Jabez and Gowri, "An IoT based Application for Real-Time Detection of Rotten Fruits", 2nd International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control (IC4), Indore, India, 2024, pp. 1-4.

R. M. Rajini and P. Voola, "Developing an IoT and ML‑Driven Platform for Fruit Ripeness Evaluation and Spoilage Detection: A Case Study on Bananas", e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, Volume 11, p. 100896, Mar. 2025.

I. Singh, D. Chawla, A. Garg, S. Mangal, P. Gupta, K. Agarwal, N. S. Khalsa and N. Patel, "Interpretable hybrid Deep Q-learning framework for IoT-based food spoilage prediction with synthetic data generation and hardware validation", arXiv.

X. Wang, X. Li, D. Fu, R. Vidrih, and X. Zhang, "Ethylene Sensor‑Enabled Dynamic Monitoring and Multi‑Strategies Control for Quality Management of Fruit Cold Chain Logistics", Sensors, vol. 20, no. 20, Art. No. 5830, Oct. 2020.

A. U. Alam, P. Rathi, H. Beshai, G. K. Sarabha and M. J. Deen, "Fruit Quality Monitoring with Smart Packaging", Sensors, vol. 21, no. 4, Art. no. 1509, Feb. 2021.

S. K. Dubey, "Effect of Assured Transit Time for Perishable Farm Produce on Enhancing Farmers’ Income: A Case Study of Kisan Rail in Context of Mann Ki Baat", Research Gate, vol. 59, no. 3, Sep. 2023.

T. Zheng and M. Lv, "Research on Logistics Optimization Strategies in the Fresh Agricultural Products Supply Chain", in Proceedings of the 2025 6th International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management (ICMSEM 2025), Atlantis Press, pp. 123–128, Sep. 2025.

A. B. Semma, M. Ali, M. Saerozi, M. Mansur and K. Kusrini, "Cloud computing: google firebase firestore optimization analysis", Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 1719–1728, Mar. 2023.

C. Saha, K. Ahamed, S. Hosen, R. Nandi and M. Kabir, "Post-harvest losses of banana in fresh produce marketing chain in Tangail District of Bangladesh", Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 389–397, 2021.

R. J. Jadhav, N. B. Shaikh, K. B. Pawar, A. R. Mendhe and J. S. Chaure, "Assessment of post-harvest losses in banana under Jalgaon condition, in Maharashtra", International Journal of Chemical Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 889-892, 2020.

Hendrick, Efrizon, Yultrisna, Humaira, M. Botto-Tobar and Y. Silvia, "E-nose application for detecting banana fruit ripe levels using artificial neural network backpropagation method", International Journal of Data Science, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 11-18, Jun. 2022.

N. E. Sulaiman and F. A. Po’ad, "Estimation of Banana Fruit Maturity using Image Processing in MATLAB", Evolution in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29-36, Jun. 2022.

N. Monisha, V. R. Maraiah, J. S. Mohammad and K. B. Raju, "An Analysis of Different Smart Agricultural System Using IoT", International Journal of Human Computations and Intelligence, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 169-175.