Comparative Performance Assessment of Urban Flood Pump Systems in Coastal Cities: A Statistical Evaluation from Indonesia

Dadang Yahya; M. Bisri; Lily Montarcih Limantara; Very Dermawan

doi:10.48084/etasr.17664

Authors

Dadang Yahya Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
M. Bisri Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-3626
Lily Montarcih Limantara Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
Very Dermawan Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Engineering, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8398-2577

Volume: 16 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 36832-36839 | June 2026 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.17664

Received: 20 January 2026 | Revised: 12 March 2026, 12 April 2026, and 20 April 2026 | Accepted: 21 April 2026 | Online: 24 May 2026

Corresponding author: Lily Montarcih Limantara

Abstract

Urban flooding in low-lying coastal cities has been mitigated using pump-based flood control systems. Despite the latter’s widespread implementation, systematic and quantitative evaluation of pump system performance integrating technical, operational, maintenance, and institutional dimensions remains limited. This study evaluates and compares the performance of urban flood pump systems in Semarang and Pekalongan, two highly flood-prone coastal cities in Indonesia. A statistical Performance Index (PI) framework was developed by integrating four dimensions of system performance: technical condition, operational management, maintenance practice, and institutional capacity. Data were collected from 20 pump stations through field inspections, structured surveys, and institutional assessments. The results indicate that the average PI reached 0.902 in Semarang and 0.996 in Pekalongan, suggesting higher operational reliability of the pump system in Pekalongan. Correlation analysis shows that the technical dimension exhibits the strongest relationship with the PI (r = 0.925), followed by institutional (r = 0.850) and maintenance aspects (r = 0.778), while operational factors show relatively weaker influence (r = 0.628). Variance contribution analysis further indicates that technical factors account for 38.82% and 79.30% of the performance variability in Semarang and Pekalongan, respectively. These findings highlight the significant role of infrastructure condition and institutional capacity in determining the effectiveness of urban flood pump systems. The proposed statistical evaluation framework provides a practical tool for performance assessment and supports evidence-based decision-making for improving urban flood management in coastal cities.

Keywords:

flood control pump, performance index, urban flood management, statistical analysis, coastal cities, infrastructure resilience

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