An Integrated IoT and Solar Energy System for Efficient Water Quality Monitoring at Sustainable Intensive Shrimp Aquacultures
Received: 15 December 2025 | Revised: 21 January 2026 | Accepted: 7 February 2026 | Online: 4 April 2026
Corresponding author: Eky Novianarenti
Abstract
The intensive shrimp farming industry in Indonesia currently faces a significant sustainability challenge due to its heavy reliance on diesel-powered aerators. This dependency is exacerbated by unpredictable fuel prices and a lack of automated water quality management, leaving farms vulnerable to critical environmental fluctuations. In response, this study presents a pilot-scale validation of the "Shrimp Aqua Voltaic" (SAV), a hybrid system that seamlessly integrates solar energy with real-time IoT monitoring and smart aeration control. The primary goal was to assess the system's capacity to restore oxygen levels during critical drops and to conduct a rigorous energy audit within an off-grid framework. This study proposes a solar-powered IoT-based aeration system for real-time monitoring and control of water quality, focusing on Dissolved Oxygen (DO) management in intensive shrimp farming. Field trials were conducted over 5 consecutive days in a controlled test pond, supplemented by a one-day benchmark comparison against standard 3-phase industrial aerators. The results were highly encouraging: the SAV system autonomously detected a simulated hypoxic event (0.8 mg/L DO) and effectively raised oxygen levels to a safe zone (6.8 mg/L) within just one hour—a performance on par with a 1 HP industrial aerator. However, the energy audit revealed a critical insight for future optimization: the parasitic load from the continuous IoT monitoring system consumes approximately 62% of the daily energy budget. While the SAV system demonstrates mechanical reliability in preventing stock loss, these findings underscore that achieving commercial scalability necessitates electrical optimization, primarily through the implementation of DC coupling for instrumentation alongside the integration of smart power-management algorithms.
Keywords:
paddle wheel aerator, solar photovoltaic, IoT, energy efficiency, dissolved oxygen, aquacultureDownloads
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Copyright (c) 2026 Eky Novianarenti, Priyambodo Nur Ardi Nugroho, Anda Iviana Juniani, Imaniah Sriwijayasih, Rikky Leonard, Aminatus Sa'diyah, Zindhu Maulana Ahmad Putra
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