Exploring the Potential of Iron Slag and Stone Ash as Aggregate Replacements for the Improvement of the Compressive Strength and Durability of Self-Compacting Concrete

Adiwijaya; Rita Irmawaty; Irka Tangke Datu; Khairil; Taufiq Rochman; Vita Fajriani Ridwan; Muhammad Suradi; Abdul Kadir Muhammad; Budhy Setiawan; Rifaldi Yatsam

doi:10.48084/etasr.16741

Authors

Adiwijaya Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia
Rita Irmawaty Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Irka Tangke Datu Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia
Khairil Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia
Taufiq Rochman Department of Civil Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
Vita Fajriani Ridwan Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia
Muhammad Suradi Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia
Abdul Kadir Muhammad Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Makassar, Indonesia
Budhy Setiawan Department of Electrical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, Indonesia
Rifaldi Yatsam Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia

Volume: 16 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 32550-32556 | February 2026 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.16741

Received: 6 December 2025 | Revised: 31 December 2025 | Accepted: 6 January 2026 | Online: 20 January 2026

Corresponding author: Rita Irmawaty

Abstract

Industrial by-products, such as Iron Slag (IS) and Stone Ash (SA), can replace aggregates in concrete, but research on their mechanical performance and durability, particularly in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC), is still limited. Using these materials supports sustainable construction principles while improving material efficiency. This study evaluates the effect of replacing coarse and fine aggregates with Iron Slag and SA, respectively, on the compressive strength, durability, and practical implementation of concrete in structural applications. The research was conducted experimentally with four SCC concrete mix variations: BSI-N (control), BSI-1 (0% SA), BSI-2 (50% SA), and BSI-3 (100% SA). Tests included compressive strength, slump flow, density, porosity, sorptivity, electrical resistivity, chloride penetration, and abrasion resistance, based on ASTM and SNI standards. The results show that BSI-3 (100% SA) had the highest compressive strength (50.40 MPa) and the lowest porosity and abrasion values, but failed to meet SCC criteria due to a slump flow below 550 mm. Conversely, BSI-2 met SCC specifications with a slump flow of 650 mm, showing the best chloride penetration resistance, while it maintained an adequate compressive strength of 44.38 MPa. It was concluded that an SCC mix with 50% SA and IS (BSI-2) is optimal for industrial building applications, particularly for floor slabs and supporting structures, as it balances strength, durability, and workability.

Keywords:

SCC, iron slag, stone ash, compressive strength, durability

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