Assessing the Impacts of Solar Power and Battery Storage System Integration in Thailand Using the LEAP-NEMO Framework

Supakorn Ukumphan; Yao Xiao; Caixia Yang; Buncha Wattana; Supannika Wattana

doi:10.48084/etasr.14750

Authors

Supakorn Ukumphan Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
Yao Xiao Hunan Mechanical and Electrical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
Caixia Yang Hunan Mechanical and Electrical Polytechnic, Changsha, China
Buncha Wattana Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
Supannika Wattana Faculty of Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand

Volume: 15 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 30331-30339 | December 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.14750

Received: 13 September 2025 | Revised: 12 October 2025 | Accepted: 22 October 2025 | Online: 5 November 2025

Corresponding author: Supannika Wattana

Abstract

Driven by energy security and climate change concerns, the Thai government has prioritized the deployment of high-potential solar power integrated with battery energy storage. This paper aims to assess the impacts of integrating solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in Thailand, with a particular emphasis on its potential to enhance energy security and reduce CO₂ emissions. For this purpose, three scenarios were developed for the assessment: the Reference Scenario (REF), the Solar Power Only Scenario (PVOnly), and the Solar Power with Battery Energy Storage System Scenario (PVBESS). An integrated Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) – Next Energy Modeling (NEMO) framework was developed and employed to assess the optimal integration of solar power and BESS in Thailand for the period of 2024-2037. The assessment revealed that promoting solar and BESS integration offers significant benefits, for example, enhanced energy supply diversification, decreased reliance on natural gas imports, and a transition toward a decarbonized power sector. However, integrating solar power and BESS could raise several emerging challenges including the high cost of batteries, end-of-life management issues, and regulatory barriers. To address these challenges, this paper proposes several strategies, including leveraging ongoing price reductions together with the provision of tax incentives, developing comprehensive recycling infrastructure, and implementing streamlined procedures to simplify the installation application process. The coordinated implementation of these strategies offers a robust pathway to integrate renewable energy and storage systems into sustainable development.

Keywords:

energy security, carbon reduction potential, electricity sector, strategic pathway, carbon neutrality

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