Sentiment Analysis in Coastal Tourism: A Systematic Literature Review
Received: 10 September 2025 | Revised: 16 October 2025 and 24 October 2025 | Accepted: 25 October 2025 | Online: 12 November 2025
Corresponding author: Sandy Kurniawan
Abstract
Coastal tourism is a strategic sector in global economic development, but it faces serious challenges related to sustainability. Understanding tourist perceptions is crucial for maintaining destination competitiveness. Moreover, sentiment analysis based on online reviews offers new opportunities to explore tourist opinions broadly and in real-time. This study aims to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of research discussing the application of sentiment analysis in coastal tourism from 2015 to 2025. The literature search was conducted in major databases, namely Scopus, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library, using predetermined search strings. Based on the initial search results obtained from 190 articles, after the duplication removal and Quality Assessment (QA) processes, only 36 articles met the criteria and were further analyzed. The results demonstrate an increasing trend in publications since 2018, peaking in 2024. These studies are spread across various regions of the world, with a predominance of Southeast Asia and Europe. TripAdvisor and Google Maps served as the primary data sources. Analysis methods included lexicon approaches, Machine Learning (ML) algorithms (Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), Random Forest), Deep Learning (DL) (Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)), as well as hybrid approaches and Large Language Models (LLM). The labeling schemes used varied, ranging from binary and three-class to emotional categories, satisfaction dimensions, and the Kano model. Overall, tourist reviews of coastal destinations were positive, although complaints about cleanliness, price, service, and sustainability were common. These findings confirm that sentiment analysis is a crucial tool for understanding tourist experiences and can support sustainable coastal tourism management globally.
Keywords:
sentiment analysis, systematic literature review, coastal, tourism, online reviewDownloads
References
. Gössling, C. M. Hall, and D. Scott, "Coastal and Ocean Tourism," in Handbook on Marine Environment Protection : Science, Impacts and Sustainable Management, M. Salomon and T. Markus, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018, pp. 773–790. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60156-4_40
O. Nepomnyashchyy, S. Yekimov, N. Rybalchenko, V. Tebenko, and O. Lysak, "The Impact of Green Tourism on the Development of the Regional Economy," in XV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2022,” Cham, 2023, pp. 1589–1595. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21432-5_170
L. D. Santos and A. C. Vieira, "Tourism and regional development: a spatial econometric model for Portugal at municipal level," Portuguese Economic Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 285–299, Sept. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-020-00179-z
The Economic Contribution of Tourism and the Impact of COVID-19. UNWTO, 2021.
Y. Romero-Padilla, E. Navarro-Jurado, and G. Malvárez-García, "The potential of international coastal mass tourism destinations to generate creative capital," Journal of Sustainable Tourism, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 574–593, Apr. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2015.1101125
A. Ravikumar, S. Al Subhi, and K. M. Meesala, "Community Perception and Attitude towards Sustainable Tourism and Environmental Protection Measures: An Exploratory Study in Muscat, Oman," Economies, vol. 10, no. 2, Feb. 2022, Art. no. 29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10020029
O. A. George and C. M. Q. Ramos, "Sentiment analysis applied to tourism: exploring tourist-generated content in the case of a wellness tourism destination," International Journal of Spa and Wellness, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 139–161, May 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/24721735.2024.2352979
C. P. Gupta and V. V. R. Kumar, "A Study on Sustainable Tourism and Application of Sentiment Analysis in the Tourism Industry," in 2024 International Conference on Emerging Techniques in Computational Intelligence (ICETCI), Dec. 2024, pp. 52–57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICETCI62771.2024.10704180
L. Benaddi, A. Souha, C. Ouaddi, A. Chehri, A. Jakimi, and B. Ouchao, "Enhancing Smart Tourism With Chatbots: Focus on the Metamodel of Domain-Specific Language and Emerging Technologies," Expert Systems, vol. 42, no. 7, 2025, Art. no. e70083. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/exsy.70083
M. Alzahrani and F. AlGhamdi, "Social Media Sentiment Analysis for Sustainable Rural Event Planning: A Case Study of Agricultural Festivals in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia," Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 9, Jan. 2025, Art. no. 3864. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093864
D. Erdoğan et al., "Developing a Deep Learning-Based Sentiment Analysis System of Hotel Customer Reviews for Sustainable Tourism," Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 13, Jan. 2025, Art. no. 5756, https://doi.org/10.3390/su17135756. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su17135756
W. Xiao, "Theme Modeling Study of Online Media Data for Ecotourism Based on Natural Language Processing," in 2025 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Energy Systems and Power Engineering (EESPE), Mar. 2025, pp. 1009–1016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EESPE63401.2025.10986791
OpenAI et al., "GPT-4 Technical Report." arXiv, Mar. 04, 2024.
H. Touvron et al., "LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Models." arXiv, Feb. 27, 2023.
F. C. Manosso and T. C. Domareski Ruiz, "Using sentiment analysis in tourism research: A systematic, bibliometric, and integrative review," Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 16–27, 2021.
D. Tegar and R. O. S. Gurning, "Development of Marine and Coastal Tourism Based on Blue Economy," International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, vol. 2, no. 2, Mar. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12962/j25481479.v2i2.3650
Marine Litter Socio Economic Study, United Nations Environment Programme. Kenya: UN Environment, 2017.
M. R. Khan, H. U. R. Khan, C. K. Lim, K. L. Tan, and M. F. Ahmed, "Sustainable Tourism Policy, Destination Management and Sustainable Tourism Development: A Moderated-Mediation Model," Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 21, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 12156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112156
V. Ramanathan and T. Meyyappan, "Twitter Text Mining for Sentiment Analysis on People’s Feedback about Oman Tourism," in 2019 4th MEC International Conference on Big Data and Smart City (ICBDSC), Jan. 2019, pp. 1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBDSC.2019.8645596
M. K. Sahu and S. Selot, "Comparative Analysis of Various Supervised Machine Learning Techniques Used for Sentiment Analysis on Tourism Reviews," in ecture Notes in Networks and Systems Proceedings of International Conference on Recent Trends in Computing, Springer Nature Singapore, 2022, pp. 19–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7118-0_3
D. Ariyus, D. Manongga, and I. Sembiring, "Enhancing Sentiment Analysis of Indonesian Tourism Video Content Commentary on TikTok: A FastText and Bi-LSTM Approach," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 18020–18028, Dec. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.8859
M. D. Sotiriadis and C. van Zyl, "Electronic word-of-mouth and online reviews in tourism services: the use of twitter by tourists," Electronic Commerce Research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 103–124, Mar. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-013-9108-1
L. Su, Y. Huang, and M. Hsu, "Unraveling the impact of destination reputation on place attachment and behavior outcomes among Chinese urban tourists," Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 290–308, June 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-11-2017-0026
Guidelines for performing Systematic Literature Reviews in Software Engineering. UK: Software Engineering Group School of Computer Science and Mathematics Keele University, 2007.
W. M. T. W. Jabarudin and Z. Y. H. Harith, "Evaluation on the Thermal Comfort from Reviews and Simulation at Seaside Resorts," Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 168, pp. 104–115, Jan. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.10.215
P. Prameswari, I. Surjandari, and E. Laoh, "Opinion mining from online reviews in Bali tourist area,” in 2017 3rd International Conference on Science in Information Technology (ICSITech), July 2017, pp. 226–230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSITech.2017.8257115
J. Chen, S. Becken, and B. Stantic, "Sentiment Analytics of Chinese Social Media Posts," in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Web Intelligence, Mining and Semantics, New York, NY, USA, Mar. 2018, pp. 1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3227609.3227680
M. Rossainz-López, "Representation of a convolutional neuronal network as a high level paralel composition applied to the recognition of DNA sequences," presented at the European Modeling & Simulation Symposium, Sept. 2019, pp. 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.emss.001
H. Irawan, G. Akmalia, and R. A. Masrury, "Mining Tourist’s Perception toward Indonesia Tourism Destination Using Sentiment Analysis and Topic Modelling," in Proceedings of the 2019 4th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things, New York, NY, USA, June 2019, pp. 7–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3361821.3361829
Y. Zhang, J. Song, A. Sciacca, J. Chan, and X. Qi, "Novel Sentiment Lexica Derived from User Generating Content by Chinese Tourists in Pacific Islands," Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 23, Jan. 2022, Art. no. 15833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315833
Y. Yan, J. Chen, and Z. Wang, "Mining public sentiments and perspectives from geotagged social media data for appraising the post-earthquake recovery of tourism destinations," Applied Geography, vol. 123, Oct. 2020, Art. no. 102306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102306
S. Monaco and C. Uriciuoli, "Tourism in the Phlegraean Fields. Public perception and framing agenda of territorial public initiatives," Sustainable Mediterranean Construction.
M. Li and X. Qin, "Study on Image of Coastal Tourism Destination Based on the Gaze of Tourists—A Case of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area," in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Big Data and Computing, New York, NY, USA, July 2021, pp. 116–123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3469968.3469989
M. Wu, Y. Qu, J. Zhou, M. Xu, and J. Shi, "Based on natural language processing of Marine brigade recommended research," in 2021 3rd International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data and Business Intelligence (MLBDBI), Sept. 2021, pp. 291–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MLBDBI54094.2021.00061
M. R. Rusandi, E. Sutoyo, and V. P. Widartha, "Convolutional Neural Network for Predicting Sentiment: Case Study in Tourism," in 2021 Sixth International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), Aug. 2021, pp. 1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIC54025.2021.9632887
A. Ramadhani, E. Sutoyo, and V. P. Widartha, "LSTM-based Deep Learning Architecture of Tourist Review in Tripadvisor," in 2021 Sixth International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC), Aug. 2021, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIC54025.2021.9632967
N. K. Shadrina, E. Sutoyo, and V. P. Widartha, "Sentiment Analysis in Reviews About Beaches in Bali on Tripadvisor Using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)," in 2021 IEEE 7th Information Technology International Seminar (ITIS), July 2021, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ITIS53497.2021.9791501
W. Di and Y. Limei, "Sentiment Analysis of Online Comments through Semantic Networks and ROST Text Mining Software," in 2021 IEEE Conference on Telecommunications, Optics and Computer Science (TOCS), Sept. 2021, pp. 869–872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TOCS53301.2021.9688923
C. Oliveira, P. Rita, and S. Moro, "Unveiling Island Tourism in Cape Verde through Online Reviews," Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 15, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 8167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158167
F. Zang, "Application Analysis of Web data Mining technology in Tourism Operation – A Case study of Chunan Qiandao Lake Scenic Area," in Proceedings of the 2022 6th International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and Computer Engineering, New York, NY, USA, Nov. 2023, pp. 1119–1123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3573428.3573629
A. Basuki, A. Cahyani, R. Pratama, W. Findiastuti, F. Umam, and S. F. Salimah, "Online User Reviews Investigation Towards Madura Island Tourism using Latent Semantic Analysis," in 2022 IEEE 8th Information Technology International Seminar (ITIS), July 2022, pp. 263–267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ITIS57155.2022.10010297
E. S. Ferreira, S. Loureiro, R. G. Bilro, and T. Ferro, "Analyzing Madeira and Bermuda as Two Different Destinations: A Text Mining Approach," Journal of Promotion Management, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 687–701, May 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2021.2015516
V. Marchi and A. Raschi, "Measuring Destination Image of an Italian Island: An Analysis of Online Content Generated by Local Operators and Tourists," Island Studies Journal, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 259–279, May 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.168
V. Teles da Mota, C. Pickering, and A. Chauvenet, "Popularity of Australian beaches: Insights from social media images for coastal management," Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. 217, Feb. 2022, Art. no. 106018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.106018
D. Suryadi and J. T. Sabarman, "Analyzing Restaurants in Tourism Destinations Through Online Reviews Using Topic Modeling and Sentiment Analysis," in 2023 IEEE 9th Information Technology International Seminar (ITIS), July 2023, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ITIS59651.2023.10419923
N. W. Sumartini Saraswati, I. K. G. Darma Putra, M. Sudarma, and I. M. Sukarsa, "The Image of Tourist Attraction in Bali Based on Big Data Analytics and Sentiment Analysis," in 2023 International Conference on Smart-Green Technology in Electrical and Information Systems (ICSGTEIS), Aug. 2023, pp. 82–87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSGTEIS60500.2023.10424322
M. Nowacki and J. Kowalczyk-Anioł, "Experiencing islands: is sustainability reported in tourists’ online reviews?," Journal of Ecotourism, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 59–79, Jan. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2022.2041648
R. Astri, L. P. Hung, S. B. Sura, A. Kamal, and R. Yuliet, "Sentiment analysis using naive bayes for reviews of visitors to Padang City beach tourism after the COVID-19 pandemic," E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 464, 2023, Art. no. 06002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346406002
G. D. S. Araújo, J. O. Fernandez, M. S. Da Silva, and F. M. F. Lobato, "Persona and issue analysis on tourism social media: a case study of Pirenópolis, Goiás, Brazil," in Proceedings of the 20th Brazilian Symposium on Information Systems, New York, NY, USA, Feb. 2024, pp. 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3658271.3658340
Q. Gao and J. A. Esquivel, "Tripadvisor Hotel Review Text Mining Based on RoBERTa and LDA Models," in Proceedings of the 2024 7th International Conference on Computer Information Science and Artificial Intelligence, New York, NY, USA, Sept. 2024, pp. 337–341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3703187.3703244
O. A. Nikolaychuk and I. A. Poddubniy, "Analysis of Reviews of Tourist Objects Based on Large Language Models," in 2024 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Problems of Informatics, Electronics and Radio Engineering (PIERE), Aug. 2024, pp. 1070–1074. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PIERE62470.2024.10805064
N. W. Sumartini Saraswati, I. D. Made Krishna Muku, I. W. Dharma Suryawan, D. A. Kadek Pramita, and I. K. Agus Bisena, "Balinese Temple: The Image and Characteristics of Tourists based on Sentiment Analysis," in 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Technology (ISCT), Dec. 2024, pp. 19–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCT62336.2024.10791104
N. B. B. Bidin, K. A. F. A. Samah, and R. B. Aminuddin, "Conceptualizing Hybrid Descriptive-Semantic Techniques to Enhance Sentiment Analysis of YouTube Reviews: Malaysian Island Contexts," in 2024 IEEE 12th Conference on Systems, Process & Control (ICSPC), Sept. 2024, pp. 417–422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSPC63060.2024.10862383
E. D. Madyatmadja, J. Suhartono, C. Walandi, D. P. Hartanujaya, M. Budiharjo, and V. Febrian, "Harmonizing Sentiments: User Reviews from Social Media of Kuta Beach as a Tourist Attraction," in 2024 Beyond Technology Summit on Informatics International Conference (BTS-I2C), Sept. 2024, pp. 462–467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/BTS-I2C63534.2024.10942065
Husni et al., "Classification of tourism destination review texts based on sentiment using k-nearest neighbor with information gain feature selection," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3176, no. 1, Art. no. 030018, July 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0222729
N. M. Sabri, S. N. A. Muhamad Subki, U. F. M. Bahrin, and M. Puteh, "Post Pandemic Tourism: Sentiment Analysis using Support Vector Machine Based on TikTok Data.," International Journal of Advanced Computer Science & Applications, vol. 15, no. 2, Feb. 2024, Art. no. 323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150234
A. Tham, Y. Ong, and I. S. H. Hii, "Reviving coral reef ecotourism through green insurance investments," Journal of Ecotourism, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2024.2436962
A. L. Riswanto, L. A. Chamberlain, and H.-S. Kim, "Enhancing Tourist Satisfaction on Komodo Island: A Data-Driven Analysis of Online Reviews," Tourism and Hospitality, vol. 6, no. 1, Mar. 2025, Art. no. 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp6010002
Z. Lin, S. Zhang, and W.-J. Yhang, "Exploring servicescape in coastal and marine tourism: insights from text mining and application of Kano model," Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 176–193, Feb. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2024.2426175
S. Tunca, "Exploring visitor sentiment trends at Alanya Cleopatra Beach using natural language processing techniques: insights from online reviews," Tourism Recreation Research, vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2025.2503992
T. Naous, M. J. Ryan, A. Ritter, and W. Xu, "Having Beer after Prayer? Measuring Cultural Bias in Large Language Models." arXiv, Mar. 20, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.862
S. Levy et al., "Comparing Biases and the Impact of Multilingual Training across Multiple Languages." arXiv, May 18, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.634
X. Shan, Y. Xu, Y. Wang, Y.-S. Lin, and Y. Bao, "Cross-Cultural Implications of Large Language Models: An Extended Comparative Analysis," in HCI International 2024 – Late Breaking Papers, Cham, 2025, pp. 106–118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76806-4_8
S. Li et al., "Translate Meanings, Not Just Words: IdiomKB’s Role in Optimizing Idiomatic Translation with Language Models," Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 38, no. 17, pp. 18554–18563, Mar. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i17.29817
S. Dash et al., "Optimizing Distributed Training on Frontier for Large Language Models," in ISC High Performance 2024 Research Paper Proceedings (39th International Conference), Feb. 2024, pp. 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/ISC.2024.10528939
N. Chondamrongkul, G. Hristov, and P. Temdee, "Addressing Technical Challenges in Large Language Model-Driven Educational Software System," IEEE Access, vol. 13, pp. 12846–12858, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3531380
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sandy Kurniawan, Adhe Setya Pramayoga, Yeva Fadhilah Ashari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
