Application of the Modified Page-Hinkley Test to Diagnose Current Sensor Faults in Induction Motor Drives
Received: 23 August 2025 | Revised: 4 October 2025 and 22 October 2025 | Accepted: 1 November 2025 | Online: 9 February 2026
Corresponding author: Cuong Dinh Tran
Abstract
This paper investigates improving reliability in Induction Motor (IM) drives using the Field-Oriented Control (FOC) technique by developing a Modified Page–Hinkley Test (MPHT) for real-time detection of Current Sensor Faults (CSFs). The proposed method monitors the absolute residual between the measured stator current and the corresponding estimated obtained value from a Luenberger Observer (LO). The modified test is implemented in a stepwise manner to ensure high sensitivity to faults and robustness against measurement noise. Upon fault detection, the observer seamlessly reconstructs the faulty current signal to maintain stable closed-loop operation without re-tuning the controller. Simulation studies performed in MATLAB/Simulink under various types of soft (drift, scale, offset, precision degradation), and hard (constant value, constant with noise) faults confirm fast fault detection, accurate fault isolation, and stable system performance. The results show that the proposed method provides a practical and efficient solution for IM drive systems under dynamic operating conditions.
Keywords:
induction motor drive, field-oriented control, current sensor fault detection, Luenberger observer, Page–Hinkley testDownloads
References
A. El-Shahat, Induction Motors - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications, Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104031
B. S. S. G. Yelamarthi and S. R. Sandepudi, "An Improved Fault Tolerant Converter Topology for Field Oriented Controlled Induction Motor Drive," in 2019 International Conference on Power Electronics, Control and Automation (ICPECA), New Delhi, India, Nov. 2019, pp. 1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPECA47973.2019.8975694
D. H. Bach and C. D. Tran, "An improved voltage model based on stator resistance estimation for FOC technique in the induction motor drive," Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 107–114, June 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15598/aeee.v22i2.5745
M. Aktas, K. Awaili, M. Ehsani, and A. Arisoy, "Direct torque control versus indirect field-oriented control of induction motors for electric vehicle applications," Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1134–1143, Oct. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2020.04.002
E. Agamloh, A. von Jouanne, and A. Yokochi, "An Overview of Electric Machine Trends in Modern Electric Vehicles," Machines, vol. 8, no. 2, 2020, Art. no. 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/machines8020020
K. Rahman et al., "Field-Oriented Control of Five-Phase Induction Motor Fed From Space Vector Modulated Matrix Converter," IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 17996–18007, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3142014
M. Adamczyk, S. Niczyporuk, and T. Orlowska-Kowalska, "Current Sensor Fault-Tolerant Induction Motor Drive with Online Rotor Resistance Adaptation," in 2022 IEEE 20th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC), Brasov, Romania, Sept. 2022, pp. 546–552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/PEMC51159.2022.9962895
M. S. Zaky and M. K. Metwaly, "Sensitivity Analysis of a Stator Current-based MRAS Estimator for Sensorless Induction Motor Drives," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 17584–17590, Dec. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.8737
Y. Chen, D. Xie, Y. Zuo, Y. Chang, and X. Ge, "Current Sensor Fault-Tolerant Control for Induction Motor with Speed-Sensorless Based on SMO and SEPLL," in 2021 24th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Gyeongju, South Korea, Oct.-Nov. 2021, pp. 1988–1992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/ICEMS52562.2021.9634408
M. Manohar and S. Das, "Current Sensor Fault-Tolerant Control for Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Drive Using Flux-Linkage Observer," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 2824–2833, Sept. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2017.2714675
Y. Azzoug et al., "An Active Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy for Current Sensors Failure for Induction Motor Drives Using a Single Observer for Currents Estimation and Axes Transformation," European Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 467–474, Dec. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18280/ejee.230606
C. D. Tran, M. Kuchar, V. Sotola, and P. D. Nguyen, "Fault-Tolerant Control Based on Current Space Vectors against Total Sensor Failures," Sensors, vol. 24, no. 11, 2024, Art. no. 3558. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113558
Y. Li and P. Gong, "Fault-tolerant control of induction motor with current sensors based on dual-torque model," Energies, vol. 16, no. 8, 2023, Art. no. 3442. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083442
C. D. Tran, P. Palacky, M. Kuchar, P. Brandstetter, and B. H. Dinh, "Current and Speed Sensor Fault Diagnosis Method Applied to Induction Motor Drive," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 38660–38672, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3064016
D. Diallo, M. E. H. Benbouzid, and A. Makouf, "A fault-tolerant control architecture for induction motor drives in automotive applications," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1847–1855, Nov. 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2004.833610
M. Dybkowski and K. Klimkowski, "Artificial neural network application for current sensors fault detection in the vector controlled induction motor drive," Sensors, vol. 19, no. 3, 2019, Art. no. 571. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030571
E. H. El Bouchikhi, V. Choqueuse, and M. Benbouzid, "Induction machine faults detection using stator current parametric spectral estimation," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 52–53, pp. 447–464, Feb. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.06.015
T. Amanuel, A. Ghirmay, H. Ghebremeskel, R. Ghebrehiwet, and W. Bahlibi, "Comparative analysis of signal processing techniques for fault detection in three phase induction motor," Journal of Electronics, vol. 03, no. 01, pp. 61–76, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.1.006
H.-C. Chang, Y.-M. Jheng, C.-C. Kuo, and Y.-M. Hsueh, "Induction Motors Condition Monitoring System with Fault Diagnosis Using a Hybrid Approach," Energies, vol. 12, no. 8, 2019, Art. no. 1471. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081471
S. chikkam and S. Singh, "Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor using DWT and ANN," Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 48, pp. 6237–6252, May 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07294-3
R. Sebastião and J. M. Fernandes, "Supporting the Page-Hinkley Test with Empirical Mode Decomposition for Change Detection," Foundations of Intelligent Systems: 23rd International Symposium on Methodologies for Intelligent Systems (ISMIS), Warsaw, Poland, June 2017, pp. 492–498. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60438-1_48
T. Andrianajaiana, T. D. Razafimahefa, D. A. Youssouf, R. N. Rakotoarijaona, E. J. R. Sambatra, and D. D. Lucache, "Fault Detection Device for PV Array using the Page-Hinkley Test," in 2022 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE), Iasi, Romania, Oct. 2022, pp. 505–510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE56121.2022.9959755
Y. Azzoug, R. Pusca, M. Sahraoui, A. Ammar, R. Romary, and A. J. Marques Cardoso, "A Single Observer for Currents Estimation in Sensor’s Fault-Tolerant Control of Induction Motor Drives," in 2019 International Conference on Applied Automation and Industrial Diagnostics (ICAAID), Elazig, Turkey, Sept. 2019, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAAID.2019.8934969
Y. Azzoug, M. Sahraoui, R. Pusca, T. Ameid, R. Romary, and A. J. Marques Cardoso, "Current sensors fault detection and tolerant control strategy for three-phase induction motor drives," Electrical Engineering, vol. 103, pp. 881–898, Apr. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-020-01120-5
Y. Yu, Y. Zhao, B. Wang, X. Huang, and D. Xu, "Current Sensor Fault Diagnosis and Tolerant Control for VSI-Based Induction Motor Drives," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 4238–4248, May 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2713482
C. Chakraborty and V. Verma, "Speed and Current Sensor Fault Detection and Isolation Technique for Induction Motor Drive Using Axes Transformation," in IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 1943–1954, Mar. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2345337
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Cuong Dinh Tran, Martin Kuchar, Phuong Duy Nguyen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
