Design and Implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Real-Time Monitoring System on a Water Hyacinth Fiber Drying Machine: A Small Industry Case Study

Khakam Ma'ruf; Rizal Justian Setiawan; M. Ridho Ramadhan; . Arbain; Maycshall Dwi Putra Lay Kanny; Martinus Kual

doi:10.48084/etasr.14207

Authors

Khakam Ma'ruf Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9743-8649
Rizal Justian Setiawan Asia and China Studies, College of Law and Politics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan | Industrial Engineering and Management, College of Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-9969
M. Ridho Ramadhan Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Arbain Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Maycshall Dwi Putra Lay Kanny Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Martinus Kual Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Volume: 15 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 29347-29353 | December 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.14207

Received: 20 August 2025 | Revised: 7 September 2025 | Accepted: 24 September 2025 | Online: 12 October 2025

Corresponding author: Rizal Justian Setiawan

Abstract

Manual drying of water hyacinth typically takes up to three days and is highly dependent on weather conditions, making the process inefficient for industrial use. This study presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based real-time monitoring and control system to improve the drying process of water hyacinth using a dedicated drying machine. The development process follows the four stages of IoT system development, such as identifying IoT objectives, selecting necessary IoT components, implementation and prototyping, and integrating the IoT system with the machine. The proposed system integrates a DS18B20 temperature sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, a solenoid valve for multilevel gas control, and the Blynk cloud platform. This integrated system allows remote temperature monitoring and automatic burner control through a smartphone application. The drying temperature is maintained within the optimal range of 70–85°C with a maximum deviation of 1.7°C, and the sensor system shows a high accuracy with a temperature variance of only 0.1–0.2°C compared to a standard analog thermometer. The system enables precise gas regulation through a tiered solenoid valve mechanism (small, medium, and large flow) based on real-time temperature feedback. Furthermore, it features an automated timer that can be configured based on the quantity of material that is being processed. The system demonstrates strong reliability (99.2% uptime), low latency (210 ms), and high user satisfaction (95%), indicating practical acceptance in the industrial context. The findings suggest that the implementation of IoT technology significantly enhances the efficiency, consistency, and usability of industrial drying machines, particularly in small to medium-scale enterprises processing natural fiber materials. This study also introduces novelty in three aspects: (i) a multi-stage solenoid valve mechanism (small, medium, and large flow) that allows precise real-time gas regulation; (ii) a lightweight IoT integration framework specifically designed for SMEs using low-cost components (ESP32, DS18B20, solenoid valve, and Blynk cloud); and (iii) the first documented implementation of IoT technology in water hyacinth fiber drying, addressing a critical gap in natural fiber processing for small industries.

Keywords:

drying machine, Internet of Things (IoT), monitoring, sensor, water hyacinth

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