Tamper-Resilient and Sensor-Spoofing-Resistant Authentication for 5G-Connected Vehicular Edge Systems

Authors

  • Sarah Al-Hilfi Computer Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Basrah, Basra, Iraq
  • Mohammed Yousif Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, College of Technical Engineering, University of Al Maarif, Al Anbar, Iraq
  • Huda Mohammed Alsayednoor Shatt Al-Arab University College, Basra, Iraq
  • Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda Department of Information Technology, Management Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq | College of Engineering, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
  • Mohammed Almaayah Department of Computer Science, King Abdullah the II IT School, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
  • Marwan Albahar Department of Computing, College of Engineering and Computing in Al-Lith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Volume: 15 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 28769-28779 | December 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.13431

Received: 15 July 2025 | Revised: 15 August 2025 and 26 August 2025 | Accepted: 30 August 2025 | Online: 8 December 2025


Corresponding author: Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda

Abstract

From the perspective of vehicular fog computing enabled by 5G, fast and secure authentication between Onboard Units (OBUs) and Fog Servers (FSs) is crucial. Threats such as combined physical tampering and sensor spoofing, along with emergency message forgery, can be devastating in practice, causing traffic accidents, privacy breaches, or service interruptions. This paper presents a six-phase, tamper-resilient authentication protocol tailored for 5G vehicular networks. It integrates entropy-based sensor verification and real-time tamper detection into a unified trust mechanism, alongside emergency-aware session handling. To ensure post-quantum resilience, forward secrecy, and lightweight performance, we employ Chebyshev polynomial cryptography and hash chains. The proposed scheme reduces computational time by 32% and communication overhead by 27% compared to existing protocols, demonstrating its effectiveness and robustness for real-time vehicular edge environments.

Keywords:

5G vehicular networks, fog computing, secure authentication, tamper detection, sensor spoofing, Chebyshev polynomial cryptography, emergency message integrity, post-quantum security, Trusted Execution Environment (TEE), vehicular edge computing

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[1]
S. Al-Hilfi, M. Yousif, H. M. Alsayednoor, M. A. Al-Shareeda, M. Almaayah, and M. Albahar, “Tamper-Resilient and Sensor-Spoofing-Resistant Authentication for 5G-Connected Vehicular Edge Systems”, Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 28769–28779, Dec. 2025.

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Copyright (c) 2025 Sarah Al-Hilfi, Mohammed Yousif, Huda Mohammed Alsayednoor, Mahmood A. Al-Shareeda, Mohammed Almaayah, Marwan Albahar

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