Hybrid GRA-EDAS-Based Evaluation of Electrode Materials for Automotive Spot Welding Applications
Received: 2 May 2025 | Revised: 3 June 2025 | Accepted: 8 June 2025 | Online: 19 June 2025
Corresponding author: Pariwat Nasawat
Abstract
The performance of Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) in the automotive industry is heavily influenced by the selection of appropriate electrode materials, which must balance multiple and often conflicting criteria such as conductivity, hardness, cost, and wear resistance. This study presents a hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method, integrating Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) to systematically evaluate and rank eight alternative electrode materials. EDAS evaluates alternatives against average performance benchmarks, while GRA determines the weights of the objective criteria. The study considers seven key criteria: electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, Rockwell hardness, yield strength, density, cost, and wear resistance. The hybrid GRA-EDAS approach involves an eight-step procedure, with results indicating that C18150 consistently outperformed other materials at every evaluation stage, followed by C17510 and C16200. The robustness and reliability of the proposed method were validated by comparison with established techniques such as WASPAS and MAUT, showing strong agreement using Spearman's correlation ( =0.929 with WASPAS and =0.833 with MAUT). The findings highlight the effectiveness and consistency of the hybrid GRA-EDAS framework in delivering comprehensive and reliable evaluations for material selection decisions in industrial settings.
Keywords:
hybrid MCDM, GRA-EDAS, electrode material selectionDownloads
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Copyright (c) 2025 Tanatat Monmongkol, Noppadol Sriputtha, Nattapat Kanchanaruangrong, Pariwat Nasawat
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