The Effect of Natural Rubber Modification on Asphalt Mixture Performance Based on Marshall Test Results

Irwan C. Nirwana; . Pratikso; Rachmat Mudiyono

doi:10.48084/etasr.11678

Authors

Irwan C. Nirwana Civil Engineering Doctoral Program, Faculty of Engineering, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Indonesia
Pratikso Civil Engineering Doctoral Program, Faculty of Engineering, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Indonesia
Rachmat Mudiyono Civil Engineering Doctoral Program, Faculty of Engineering, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Indonesia

Volume: 15 | Issue: 6 | Pages: 30486-30492 | December 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.11678

Received: 23 April 2025 | Revised: 21 July 2025 and 20 August 2025 | Accepted: 22 August 2025 | Online: 8 December 2025

Corresponding author: Irwan C. Nirwana

Abstract

Pavement damage is caused by low asphalt quality, asphalt content, road support structures, and compaction not in accordance with existing specifications or standards. To overcome these problems, innovation is needed to make an asphalt mixture for road pavement. The use of natural rubber–based rubber asphalt as an additive to asphalt concrete has long been used. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of natural rubber in an asphalt penetration grade 60/70 mixture and to determine the results of Marshall tests based on the mixture performance for each Marshall parameter, such as stability, flow, density, volumetric analysis, namely VIM, VMA, VFB, and the Marshall quotient. Marshall tests were conducted on several natural rubber concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%) to determine the optimum asphalt content of the natural rubber asphalt mixture. The results of the study showed that mixing natural rubber into the asphalt mixture requires special treatment, namely, without a heating phase. The optimum asphalt content value for the natural rubber asphalt mixture is 4% natural rubber and 6% asphalt.

Keywords:

asphalt, marshall test, natural rubber, road pavement

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