Design and Performance Evaluation of Triangular Microstrip Patch Array Antennas for Cyber-Physical System Applications
Received: 18 April 2025 | Revised: 16 May 2025 | Accepted: 25 May 2025 | Online: 17 June 2025
Corresponding author: Masuk Abdullah
Abstract
This study presents the design and performance evaluation of Triangular Microstrip Patch Array (TMPA) antennas for Cyber Physical System (CPS) applications. In response to the growing demand for sophisticated multiband antennas in CPSs, TMPAs implemented on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) offer a cost-effective and high-performance solution. The study focuses on the fabrication and assessment of copper-based TMPAs operating at L-band (1.3 GHz) and S-band (3.1 GHz) frequencies, optimized for gain and impedance matching. The experimental results show that the L-band TMPA achieved a gain of 14.80 dBi, closely matching the reference antenna's 14.46 dBi. The S-band TMPA reached a gain of 15.47 dBi, within 0.3 dBi of the reference. The near-field measurements confirmed a minimal phase variation, although slight polarization notches were observed. These results demonstrate the suitability of TMPAs for CPS applications, particularly in phased array configurations, where reliable beamforming and minimal signal loss are critical. Future work will focus on enhancing automated testing facilities to further improve antenna performance evaluation in CPS environments.
Keywords:
antenna design, antenna performance, patch array antenna, PCSDownloads
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