The Influence of Curing Method on the Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete: A Comparative Study
Received: 6 March 2025 | Revised: 24 March 2025 | Accepted: 4 April 2025 | Online: 4 June 2025
Corresponding author: Furqan M. Hadi
Abstract
Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is known for its high compressive strength and exceptional durability due to the fine and steel fiber combination. The objective of the current research is to examine the influence of different curing types and their effects on the mechanical properties of concrete. Using Jet Cure Gp - red coating along with heat cycle curing, which includes 1-day warm+27-day normal (C.A1N), 2-day warm+26-day normal (C.A2N), and 3-day warm+25-day normal (C.A3N), the results revealed a compressive strength improvement of up to 27.36%, 29.82%, and 30.05% at 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively, compared to normal curing. A flexural strength increase by 26.1%, 26.8%, and 27.5% at 7, 28, and 90 days and a tensile strength improvement of 24.8%, 25.2%, and 26.6% at 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively, were also demonstrated. Based on these findings, it is observed that the best curing technique is the heat cycle method (A3N) with 3 days of heat curing and 25 days of normal curing, which significantly enhances the mechanical properties of RPC.
Keywords:
reactive powder concrete, coating curing, warm temperature cycle, normal curingDownloads
References
J. Li, Z. Wu, C. Shi, Q. Yuan, and Z. Zhang, "Durability of ultra-high performance concrete – A review," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 255, Sep. 2020, Art. no. 119296.
J. Du et al., "New development of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC)," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 224, Nov. 2021, Art. no. 109220.
F. L. Bolina, G. Poleto, and H. Carvalho, "Proposition of parametric data for UHPC at high temperatures," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 76, Oct. 2023, Art. no. 107222.
M. M. Kadhum, "Studying of Some Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete Using Local Materials," Journal of Engineering, vol. 21, no. 07, pp. 113–135, Jul. 2015.
M. Elmorsy and W. M. Hassan, "Seismic behavior of ultra-high performance concrete elements: State-of-the-art review and test database and trends," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 40, Aug. 2021, Art. no. 102572.
B. C. Chen et al., "State-of-the-art Progress on Application of Ultra-high Performance Concrete," Journal of Architecturer and Civil Engineering, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 10–20, Mar. 2019.
H. H. Mohammed and A. S. Ali, "Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Rubberized Reactive Powder Concrete Beams under Repeated Loads," Journal of Engineering, vol. 29, no. 08, pp. 27–46, Aug. 2023.
O. A. Mayhoub, E.-S. A. R. Nasr, Y. A. Ali, and M. Kohail, "The influence of ingredients on the properties of reactive powder concrete: A review," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 145–158, Mar. 2021.
E. Shaheen and N. G. Shrive, "Optimization of mechanical properties and durability of reactive powder concrete," ACI Materials Journal, vol. 103, no. 6, pp. 444–451, Nov. 2006.
Z. K. Abbas, H. A. Al-Baghdadi, R. S. Mahmood, and E. S. Abd, "Reducing the Reactive Powder Concrete Weight by Using Building Waste as Replacement of Cement," Journal of Ecological Engineering, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 25–32, Aug. 2023.
Z. F. Muhsin and N. M. Fawzi, "Effect of Fly Ash on Some Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete," Journal of Engineering, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 32–46, Nov. 2021.
J. Xu et al., "Behaviour of ultra high performance fibre reinforced concrete columns subjected to blast loading," Engineering Structures, vol. 118, pp. 97–107, Jul. 2016.
J. Abd and I. K. Ahmed, "The Effect of Low Velocity Impact Loading on Self-Compacting Concrete Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 7689–7694, Oct. 2021.
H. Al-Quraishi, N. Sahmi, and M. Ghalib, "Bond Stresses between Reinforcing Bar and Reactive Powder Concrete," Journal of Engineering, vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 84–100, Oct. 2018.
H. A.-J. Nuha, "Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) with Mineral Admixture-ENG," Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ), vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 92–101, Oct. 2013.
R. P. Memon, A. R. M. Sam, A. Z. Awang, and U. I. Memon, "Effect of Improper Curing on the Properties of Normal Strength Concrete," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 3536–3540, Dec. 2018.
S. S. Raza and L. A. Qureshi, "Effect of carbon fiber on mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete exposed to elevated temperatures," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 42, Oct. 2021, Art. no. 102503.
S. S. Raza, L. A. Qureshi, B. Ali, A. Raza, and M. M. Khan, "Effect of different fibers (steel fibers, glass fibers, and carbon fibers) on mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete," Structural Concrete, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 334–346, 2021.
P. C. Taylor, Curing Concrete, 1st ed. London, UK: CRC Press, 2013.
S. M. Khreef and Z. K. Abbas, "The effects of using magnetized water in reactive powder concrete with different curing methods," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1067, no. 1, Feb. 2021, Art. no. 012017.
Iraqi Specification No. 5 : Portland Cement. Baghdad, Iraq: Central Agency for Standardization and Quality Control, 2019.
Iraqi Specification No. 45: Iraqi Specification Limits for Aggregates Test from Natural Sources for Concrete and Building Constructions. Baghdad, Iraq: Central Agency for Standardization And Quality Control, 1984.
Iraqi Standard No. 1703: Water used in concrete. Baghdad, Iraq: Central Organizationfor Standardization and Quality Control, 1992.
C192/C192M-14 Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2002.
BS 7542:1992 - Specification for the coated curing of concrete. London, UK: British Standards Institution, 1992.
BS 12390-3 Testing hardened concrete compressive strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading). London, UK: British Standards Institution, 2011.
C496 / C496M-17 Standard Test Method for Splitting. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2017.
C293/C293M-16 Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2016.
H. Yazıcı, M. Y. Yardımcı, S. Aydın, and A. Ş. Karabulut, "Mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete containing mineral admixtures under different curing regimes," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1223–1231, Mar. 2009.
M. F. Qasim, Z. K. Abbas, and S. K. Abed, "Producing Green Concrete with Plastic Waste and Nano Silica Sand," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 7932–7937, Dec. 2021.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Furqan M. Hadi, Zena K. Abbas

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.