Assessing the Influence of Brick Powder as Filler in Asphalt Hot Mixes
Received: 6 October 2024 | Revised: 27 October 2024 | Accepted: 16 November 2024 | Online: 24 November 2024
Corresponding author: Abbas F. Jasim
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy of utilizing waste Brick Powder (BP) as a partial or complete replacement for the filler in Hot Asphalt Mixes (HAM). BP was used to substitute Portland Cement (PC) in varying proportions: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The mixes were evaluated based on Marshall properties, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), and Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR). The findings revealed increased Marshall stability, stiffness, and ITS in the mixes containing BP. The flow decreased for HAM containing BP, particularly for those with a complete replacement of cement having utilized BP as the filler, indicating an improved ability of the HAM to withstand loads. The tests conducted at 25, 40, and 60 °C showed that the ITS increased steadily with an increased BP proportion, which is beneficial for rutting resistance, as high service temperatures influence rutting, and high ITS corresponds to a longer rutting life of the asphalt mix. The effect of improving the tensile strength at 60 °C was higher than at 25 °C and 40 °C. Additionally, the BP mixes demonstrated greater resilience to moisture effects compared to the reference mix. The use of BP as an alternative filler for PC did not significantly impact the volumetric properties of the HAM. It was determined that BP could be successfully added to the HAM at a 100% replacement rate as a filler, with an ideal asphalt content of 5.6%. The results suggest that the processing and management of waste bricks can be a sustainable development strategy.
Keywords:
brick powder, filler, hot mix asphalt, Marshall properties, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibilityDownloads
References
J. Müssig, "Jute–A Versatile Natural Fibre. Cultivation, Extraction and Processing," in Industrial Applications of Natural Fibres: Structure, Properties and Technical Applications, West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
F. Agrela, A. Barbudo, A. Ramírez, J. Ayuso, M. D. Carvajal, and J. R. Jiménez, "Construction of road sections using mixed recycled aggregates treated with cement in Malaga, Spain," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 58, pp. 98–106, Nov. 2011.
D. Xuan, L. J. M. Houben, A. A. A. Molenaar, and Z. Shui, "Investigation of Combined Effect of Mixture Variables on Mechanical Properties of Cement Treated Demolition Waste," Engineering Journal, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 107–116, Mar. 2012.
X. Li, "Recycling and reuse of waste concrete in China: Part I. Material behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 53, no. 1–2, pp. 36–44, Sep. 2008.
F. S. Almadwi and G. J. Assaf, "Effects of Brick Powder on the Properties of Asphalt Mixes," Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 33, no. 1, Oct. 2020, Art. no. 04020429.
F. S. Kharuddin, W. N. A. W. Azahar, P. J. Ramadhansyah, M. R. Hainin, and Z. F. M. Jaafar, "Performance of asphaltic concrete modified with recycled crushed bricks," in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Putrajaya, Malaysia, Oct. 2021, vol. 682, Art. no. 012061.
G. J. Qasim, Z. M. Hussein, and Q. S. Banyhussan, "Evaluating the mechanical performance of hot asphalt mixtures modified with metakaolin as filler," Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 113–124, Feb. 2020.
H. M. A. A. Kareem and A. H. K. Albayati, "The Possibility of Minimizing Rutting Distress in Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 8063–8074, Feb. 2022.
M. a. S. Hadi and M. H. Al-Sherrawi, "The Influence of Base Layer Thickness in Flexible Pavements," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 7904–7909, Dec. 2021.
S. A. Tayh and A. R. Jabr, "The Effect of Filler Type on the Hot Mix Asphalt Behavior," Eng. & Tech. Journal, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1701–1720, May 2011.
J. Choudhary, B. Kumar, and A. Gupta, "Utilization of solid waste materials as alternative fillers in asphalt mixes: A review," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 234, Oct. 2019, Art. no. 117271.
G. M. Harun-Or-Rashid and M. M. Islam, "A Review Paper on: Effect of Different Types of Filler Materials on Marshall Characteristics of Bitumen Hot Mix," International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 40–46, Sep. 2020.
V. A. Varma and M. T. S. Lakshmayya, "A review on different types of wastes used as fillers in bituminous mix," International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 289–300, 2018.
M. Abdurrohim, S. R. Harnaeni, and S. Sunarjono, "A Preliminary Study: Utilization Red Brick Powder as Filler in Asphalt Mixture," in Proceedings of the 6th Mechanical Engineering, Science and Technology International conference, Surakarta City, Indonesia, 20203-04-19, pp. 73–87.
L. Ambarwati and M. Z. Arifin, "Campuran Hot Rolled Sheet (HRS) dengan Material Piropilit Sebagai Filler yang Tahan Hujan Asam," Rekayasa Sipil, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 17–28, May 2012.
J. Choudhary, B. Kumar, and A. Gupta, "Potential utilization of construction wastes in asphalt pavements as fillers using ranking framework," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 277, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 122262.
S. M. D. Al-Nuzal, S. A. Al-Bakri, and S. D. A. Zankana, "Environmental Impact Assessment for Brick Factory in Baghdad, Iraq," in Proceedings of 3rd Scientific Conference on Environment and Sustainable Development, Baghdad, Iraq, 2018, vol. 36–C, pp. 38–48.
W. Zhao, R. B. Leeftink, and V. S. Rotter, "Evaluation of the economic feasibility for the recycling of construction and demolition waste in China—The case of Chongqing," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 377–389, Sep. 2009.
M. I. Joohari, N. A. Aziz, N. M. Daud, S. Mansor, and M. A. A. Halim, "Performance of porous asphalt pavement using clay brick dust as mineral filler," in Proceedings of International Conference on Nanomaterials: Science, Engineering and Technology, Penang Island, Malaysia, Aug. 2019, vol. 1349, Art. no. 012098.
R. Tomar, R. K. Jain, and M. K. Kostha, "Effects of fillers on bituminous paving mixes," International Journal of Engineering Research and Science & Technology, vol. 2, no. 4, Nov. 2013.
P. Suvarna, L. Yateen, and S. P. Mahendra, "Study On the Effect of Stone, Dust, Ceramic Dust and Brick Dust as Fillers on the Strength, Physical and Durability Properties of Bituminous Concrete (BC –II) Mix," International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 203–208, 2018.
A. J. TrustGod and E. Nwankwo, "Evaluation of the Stability and Flow of Asphalt Concrete Produced with Waste Brick Tile Powder as a Filler," Journal of Engineering, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1–13, Dec. 2023.
M. N. Rahman and M. A. Sobhan, "Use of Non-Conventional Fillers on Asphalt-Concrete Mixture," International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1101–1109, Aug. 2013.
D. Sutradhar, M. Miah, G. J. Chowdhury, and M. A. Sobhan, "Effect of Using Waste Material as Filler in Bituminous Mix Design," American Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 88–94, May 2015.
D. Lekhaz, S. Reddy, M. Mohan, and M. Naidu, "A Study on Bituminous Concrete Mix with Cement, GGBS, Brick Dust as a Filler," Engineering, Environmental Science, Materials Science, 2016.
A. Kuity, S. Jayaprakasan, and A. Das, "Laboratory investigation on volume proportioning scheme of mineral fillers in asphalt mixture," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 68, pp. 637–643, Jul. 2014.
A. Woszuk, M. Wróbel, L. Bandura, and W. Franus, "Brick Debris Dust as an Ecological Filler and Its Effect on the Durability of Asphalt Mix," Materials, vol. 13, no. 21, Jan. 2020, Art. no. 5023.
J. Choudhary, B. Kumar, and A. Gupta, "Effect of filler on the bitumen-aggregate adhesion in asphalt mix," International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1482–1490, Nov. 2018.
H. Taherkhani and R. Bayat, "Investigating the properties of asphalt concrete containing recycled brick powder as filler," European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 3583–3593, Aug. 2020.
B. Noatia and K. L. Singh, "Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Bituminous Mixture Containing Brick and Iron Dust as Fillers," in Proceedings of International Conference on Creative and Innovative Solutions in Civil Engineering, Jaipur, India, Mar. 2024, vol. 1326, Art. no. 012050.
Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges, Section R/9, Hot-Mix Asphaltic Concrete Pavement, Department of Planning and Studies, Ministry of Housing and Construction, Baghdad, Iraq, 2003.
Method of Test for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2001.
V. Sharma, S. Chandra, and R. Choudhary, "Characterization of Fly Ash Bituminous Concrete Mixes," Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 1209–1216, May 2010.
J. Huang, K. Yan, M. Wang, K. Shi, Y. Li, and Y. Zhang, "Performance evaluation of SBS-modified asphalt mixtures incorporating waste tire rubber and HDPE," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 430, Apr. 2024, Art. no. 136423.
R. N. Hunter, A. Self, and J. Read, The Shell Bitumen Handbook, 6th ed. Westminster, London, UK: ICE Publishing, 2015.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zainab M. Hussein, Sady A. Tayh, Abbas F. Jasim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
