Reducing the Error of Measurement of the Potentiometric Method of the Conductive Liquid Level Meter
Received: 25 September 2024 | Revised: 12 November 2024 and 24 November 2024 | Accepted: 27 November 2024 | Online: 12 December 2024
Corresponding author: Ekaterina Ritter
Abstract
This article examines the linearization of a nonlinear transfer characteristic in a two-component sensor, with the potentiometric level meter serving as a case study. The conducted analysis employs a method of interpolation involving two interrelated variables: the liquid level readings are contingent upon both the liquid level and the liquid conductivity, while the liquid conductivity readings are influenced by both the liquid conductivity and the liquid level. The objective of the current paper is to identify a mathematical approach that enhances the precision of the measurement. A methodology for linearizing the nonlinear transfer characteristic of a conductivity level meter was established through the integration of two conversion correction tables and piecewise quadratic interpolation with iteration in the form of a table algorithm. This approach resulted in a reduction in the measurement error compared to the interpolation methods without iteration.
Keywords:
potentiometric method, conductive liquid level meter, numerical modeling methods, finite element method, measurement errorDownloads
References
P. Mohindru, "Development of liquid level measurement technology: A review," Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, vol. 89, Mar. 2023, Art. no. 102295.
Y. Yan, L. Wang, T. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Hu, and Q. Duan, "Application of soft computing techniques to multiphase flow measurement: A review," Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, vol. 60, pp. 30–43, Apr. 2018.
Y. Singh, S. K. Raghuwanshi, and S. Kumar, "Review on Liquid-level Measurement and Level Transmitter Using Conventional and Optical Techniques," IETE Technical Review, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 329–340, Jul. 2019.
D. Braendle and P. Fend, “Sensor Array for the Potentiometric Measurement of a Fill Level in a Container,” BAU 1803 US-PAT.
“Potentiometric Level Measurement Principle,” Inst Tools, Sep. 20, 2017. https://instrumentationtools.com/potentiometric-level-measurement-principle.
"Rapid response time the potentiometric level measurement from NEGELE," United Kingdom. https://www.anderson-negele.com/uk/application/rapid-response-time-potentiometric-level-sensor/
W. Hennessy, "Flow and Level Sensors," in Sensor Technology Handbook, J. S. Wilson, Ed. Burlington: Newnes, 2005, pp. 237–254.
Z. Berk, Food Process Engineering and Technology. Academic Press, 2018.
A. Smirnov, E. Ritter, A. Savostin, D. Ritter, and S. Moldakhmetov, "Modeling of a Potentiometric Level Meter in a Heterogeneous Liquid and Error Assessment," Bulletin of Kazatk, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 404–413, 2024.
A. P. Smirnov, E. S. Ritter, A. Savostin, D. Ritter, and S. Moldakhmetov, "Numerical simulation of a potentiometric level meter in an electrically conductive medium and improving the level meter construction," Toraighyrov University, vol. 4, 2013.
A. Gapparov and M. Isakova, "Study on the characteristics of water resources through electrical conductivity: A case study of Uzbekistan," IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1142, no. 1, Mar. 2023, Art. no. 012057.
V. H. McNeil and M. E. Cox, "Relationship between conductivity and analysed composition in a large set of natural surface-water samples, Queensland, Australia," Environmental Geology, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 1325–1333, Nov. 2000.
J. Fraden, Handbook of Modern Sensors: Physics, Designs, and Applications. London, UK: Springer International Publishing, 2015.
D. G. Pavlou, "An Overview of the Finite Element Method," in Essentials of the Finite Element Method, D. G. Pavlou, Ed. Stavanger, Norway: Academic Press, 2015, pp. 1–18.
C. M. Tan, W. Li, and Z. Gan, "Applications of finite element methods for reliability study of ULSI interconnections," Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1539–1545, Aug. 2012.
A. Popa, M.-G. Manea, and M.-V. Ristea-Komornicki, "FEM Structural Analysis for Ship’s Beam Modification: A Case Study," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 15848–15853, Aug. 2024.
G. Horn and J. L. Huijsing, Integrated Smart Sensors. Boston, MA, USA: Springer US, 1998.
P. Pasic, "Generalised sensor linearisation and calibration, "M.S. thesis, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, 2004.
M. B. Marinov et al., "Linear Interval Approximation of Sensor Characteristics with Inflection Points," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 6, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 2933.
L. E. Bengtsson, "Lookup Table Optimization for Sensor Linearization in Small Embedded Systems," Journal of Sensor Technology, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 177–184, Dec. 2012.
M. Gasca and T. Sauer, "Polynomial interpolation in several variables," Advances in Computational Mathematics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 377–410, Mar. 2000.
B. D. Bojanov, H. A. Hakopian, and A. A. Sahakian, Spline Functions and Multivariate Interpolations. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 1993.
J. Stoer and R. Bulirsch, "Interpolation," in Introduction to Numerical Analysis, J. Stoer and R. Bulirsch, Eds. New York, NY: Springer, 2002, pp. 37–144.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Andrey Smirnov, Ekaterina Ritter, Alexey Savostin, Dmitry Ritter, Andrey Lengard
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.