A Tribological Study on NAB-Y2O3-CNT Composite prepared by the Powder Metallurgy Method
Received: 15 June 2024 | Revised: 13 July 2024 | Accepted: 16 July 2024 | Online: 17 August 2024
Corresponding author: Shahad Ali Hammood
Abstract
Nickel Aluminum Bronze (NAB) alloys display characteristics like superior strength and excellent wear resistance. In this work, NAB was reinforced using various volume fractions of yttrium (Y2O3) and/or carbon nanotube (CNT) particles prepared using the Powder Metallurgy (PM) method. General full factorial design was used in MiniTab19 software. The experimental results showed a significant influence of the Y2O3 and CNT particles on mechanical and physical properties. The optimal results were recorded for the sample having 6 vol.% of Y2O3 and 1.5 vol.% of CNT. This sample exhibited the highest effect on characteristics with hardness value of 288 Hv, porosity of 10.2%, surface roughness of 0.15 µm, average particle size of 37.55 µm, wear rate of 0.0000313 g/mm, and friction coefficient of 0.68. The results demonstrated that there is an improvement of 64% in microhardness in comparison with the base alloy. Porosity, surface roughness, wear rate, friction coefficient, and average grain size were reduced by 4%, 81%, 71%, 31%, and 24%, respectively.
Keywords:
nickel aluminum bronze, powder metallurgy, yttrium, carbon nanotube, general full factorialDownloads
References
S. L. Song, D. G. Li, D. R. Chen, and P. Liang, "The role of Ti in cavitation erosion and corrosion behaviours of NAB alloy in 3.5 % NaCl solution," Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 919, Oct. 2022, Art. no. 165728.
A. Shahriari, D. Chalasani, B. S. Amirkhiz, and M. Mohammadi, "Corrosion performance of wire arc additively manufactured NAB alloy," npj Materials Degradation, vol. 7, no. 1, Oct. 2023, Art. no. 85.
D. G. Li, S. L. Song, D. R. Chen, and P. Liang, "Effects of Ce, Sm and Yb on cavitation erosion of NAB alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution," Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, vol. 88, Aug. 2022, Art. no. 106093.
A. M. Okoro, S. S. Lephuthing, L. Rasiwela, and P. A. Olubambi, "Nondestructive measurement of the mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets reinforced nickel aluminium bronze composites," Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 9, Sep. 2021, Art. no. e07978.
B. Zhang, J. Wang, and F. Yan, "Load-dependent tribocorrosion behaviour of nickel-aluminium bronze in artificial seawater," Corrosion Science, vol. 131, pp. 252–263, Feb. 2018.
X. Chen et al., "Influence of cutting speed on fretting wear properties of UVAM-processed NAB alloy," Materials Characterization, vol. 185, Mar. 2022, Art. no. 111711.
S. Poojary, V. Marakini, R. N. Rao, and V. Vijayan, "Enhancing microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel aluminium bronze alloy through tin addition," Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, Oct. 2023, Art. no. 16907.
K. Morshed-Behbahani, A. J. Rayner, D. P. Bishop, and A. Nasiri, "Perspectives on the unusual electrochemical corrosion of Nickel Aluminum Bronze (NAB) alloy fabricated through laser-powder bed fusion additive manufacturing," Corrosion Science, vol. 228, Mar. 2024, Art. no. 111846.
H. Al-Ethari and A. Jaafar, "Influence of Cubic Boron Nitride on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of NAB Alloy Prepared by Powder Matallurgy.," Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 13, pp. 874–879, Mar. 2018.
Y. Lv, L. Wang, X. Xu, and W. Lu, "Effect of Post Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Microhardness of Friction Stir Processed NiAl Bronze (NAB) Alloy," Metals, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1695–1703, Sep. 2015.
S. Rathod, Y. Srivastava, V. R. Kiragi, and A. Patnaik, "Evaluation of physical, mechanical and sliding wear properties of in-situ AB-TiC composite: a comparison with NAB alloy," Engineering Research Express, vol. 5, no. 2, Feb. 2023, Art. no. 025041.
P. J. Rivero, C. Berlanga, J. F. Palacio, and M. V. Biezma-Moraleda, "Effect of Ti on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of a Nickel-Aluminum Bronze Alloy," Materials Research, vol. 24, no. 2, Apr. 2021, Atr. no. e20200335.
S. M. Orzolek, J. K. Semple, and C. R. Fisher, "Influence of processing on the microstructure of nickel aluminum bronze (NAB)," Additive Manufacturing, vol. 56, Aug. 2022, Art. no. 102859.
C. Xu et al., "Tailoring microstructure via heat treatment to improve the corrosion resistance of directed energy deposited nickel-aluminum bronze alloy," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 25, pp. 5210–5226, Jul. 2023.
N. Tebbal, M. Maza, and Z. E. A. Rahmouni, "Use of a Full Factorial Design to Study the Relationship between Water Absorption and Porosity of GP and BW Mortar Activated," Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. 2022, no. 1, 2022, Art. no. 2016157.
S. S. M. Tavares, N. M. Mota, H. R. da Igreja, C. Barbosa, and J. M. Pardal, "Microstructure, mechanical properties, and brittle fracture of a cast nickel-aluminum-bronze (NAB) UNS C95800," Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 128, Oct. 2021, Art. no. 105606.
B. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Yuan, and F. Yan, "Tribocorrosion behavior of nickel-aluminium bronze sliding against alumina under the lubrication by seawater with different halide concentrations," Friction, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 444–456, Oct. 2019.
S. Fooladi, F. Ashrafizadeh, M. A. Golozar, and S. A. Razavi, "Influence of Age Hardening on Mechanical Properties of Cast Nickel-Aluminum Bronze Containing Shrinkage Porosity," Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1498–1508, Oct. 2019.
D. Odabas, "Effects of Load and Speed on Wear Rate of Abrasive Wear for 2014 Al Alloy," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 295, no. 1, Jan. 2018, Art. no. 012008.
J. Kim, J. Kim, and C. Pyo, "Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Ni-Al-Bronze Alloy Fabricated through Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing with Ni-Al-Bronze Alloy Fabricated through Casting," Metals, vol. 10, no. 9, Sep. 2020, Art. no. 1164.
F. Halladj, A. Boukhiar, H. Amellal, and S. Benamara, "Optimization of Traditional Date Vinegar Preparation Using Full Factorial Design," Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 137–144, Apr. 2016.
N. T. Van and L. H. Ky, "The Influence of Plasma Nitriding Technology Parameters on the Hardness of 18XГT Steel Parts," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 13643–13647, Apr. 2024.
K. Touileb, A. Hedhibi, R. Djoudjou, A. Ouis, and M. L. Bouazizi, "Mixing Design for ATIG Morphology and Microstructure Study of 316L Stainless Steel," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 3990–3997, Apr. 2019.
J. Patel and D. Mori, "Application of 32 Full Factorial Design and Desirability Function for Optimizing The Manufacturing Process for Directly Compressible Multi-Functional Co-Processed Excipient," Current Drug Delivery, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 523–539, Jul. 2020.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Shahad Ali Hammood, Kawthar Yahya Al-Dulaimi, Haydar Al-Ethari
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
