Miscibility Analysis of Ethanol-Diesel Blends with Additives: A Comprehensive Investigation
Received: 22 May 2024 | Revised: 12 June 2024 | Accepted: 20 June 2024 | Online: 20 July 2024
Corresponding author: Amit M. Patel
Abstract
Diesel-Ethanol (DE) blends have gained attention as an alternative fuel due to their potential to reduce emissions and improve the performance of diesel engines. However, a significant challenge when dealing with DE blends is that of phase separation. Achieving optimal miscibility between ethanol and diesel often requires the addition of additives. This research article thoroughly examines the miscibility, blend stability, and phase separation of DE mixtures with various additives. To prepare blends for the miscibility analysis, DE blends with 10%, 15%, and 20% ethanol were mixed with selected additives (n-pentanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether) at a 2% concentration in each blend. Prior to the miscibility analysis, all blends were mixed using a magnetic stirrer and a probe ultrasonicator. The results indicated that DE10 with 2% n-propanol, DE10 with 2% n-butanol, DE15 with 2% n-butanol, and DE10 with 2% diethyl ether exhibited good miscibility without phase separation or sedimentation after four weeks. However, it was noted that all the other blends with higher ethanol content were eventually phase-separated after four weeks.
Keywords:
diesel, ethanol, additive, miscibilityDownloads
References
A. A. Khaskheli, G. D. Walasai, A. S. Jamali, Q. B. Jamali, Z. A. Siyal, and A. Mengal, "Performance Evaluation of Locally-Produced Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel with Conventional Diesel Fuel," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 3521–3524, Dec. 2018.
M. Elkelawy et al., "An enhancement in the diesel engine performance, combustion, and emission attributes fueled by diesel-biodiesel and 3D silver thiocyanate nanoparticles additive fuel blends," Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 124, pp. 369–380, Jul. 2021.
M. Elkelawy et al., "Study of diesel-biodiesel blends combustion and emission characteristics in a CI engine by adding nanoparticles of Mn (II) supramolecular complex," Atmospheric Pollution Research, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 117–128, Jan. 2020.
"Diesel fuels technical review.", Chevron, https://www.chevron.com/-/media/chevron/operations/documents/diesel-fuel-tech-review.pdf.
A. Fayyazbakhsh and V. Pirouzfar, "Comprehensive overview on diesel additives to reduce emissions, enhance fuel properties and improve engine performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 74, pp. 891–901, Jul. 2017.
T. Sandalcı, Y. Karagöz, E. Orak, and L. Yüksek, "An Experimental Investigation of Ethanol-Diesel Blends on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Diesel Engines," Advances in Mechanical Engineering, vol. 6, Jan. 2014, Art. no. 409739.
K. R. Gerdes and G. J. Suppes, "Miscibility of Ethanol in Diesel Fuels," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 949–956, Feb. 2001.
X. Shi, Y. Yu, H. He, S. Shuai, J. Wang, and R. Li, "Emission characteristics using methyl soyate–ethanol–diesel fuel blends on a diesel engine," Fuel, vol. 84, no. 12, pp. 1543–1549, Sep. 2005.
J. Huang, Y. Wang, S. Li, A. P. Roskilly, H. Yu, and H. Li, "Experimental investigation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with ethanol–diesel blends," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 29, no. 11–12, pp. 2484–2490, Aug. 2009.
F. Ommi, K. Nekofar, and V. Pirozfar, "Emission and properties characteristics using additive-ethanol-diesel fuel blends on a diesel engine," Annals of the faculty of engineering hunedora–journal of engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 35–42, 2009.
H. Liu, B. Hu, and C. Jin, "Effects of different alcohols additives on solubility of hydrous ethanol/diesel fuel blends," Fuel, vol. 184, pp. 440–448, Nov. 2016.
M. Al-Hasan, H. Mujafet, and M. Al-Shannag, "An Experimental Study on the Solubility of a Diesel-Ethanol Blend and on the Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Diesel-Biodiesel-Ethanol Blends," Jordan Journal of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 147–153, 2012.
M. A. Luciano, O. S. Valente, and J. R. Sodré, "Solubility Analysis of Ethanol and Diesel Oil with Biodiesel (B7) Blends," presented at the 24th SAE Brasil International Congress and Display, Sep. 2015.
I. Pires de Oliveira, A. R. L. Caires, K. Baskar, S. Ponnusamy, P. Lakshmanan, and V. Veerappan, "Biodiesel as an additive for diesel-ethanol (diesohol) blend: physical-chemical parameters and origin of the fuels’ miscibility," Fuel, vol. 263, Mar. 2020, Art. no. 116753.
E. Sukjit, J. M. Herreros, K. D. Dearn, R. García-Contreras, and A. Tsolakis, "The effect of the addition of individual methyl esters on the combustion and emissions of ethanol and butanol -diesel blends," Energy, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 364–374, Jun. 2012.
N. S and M. R, "Properties of Diesel - Ethanol Blended Fuels with Surfactant," International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, vol. 4, no. 11, Nov. 2015.
D. Firew, R. B. Nallamothu, G. Alemayehu, and R. Gopal, "Performance and emission evaluation of CI engine fueled with ethanol diesel emulsion using NiZnFe2O4 nanoparticle additive," Heliyon, vol. 8, no. 11, Nov. 2022, Art. no. e11639..
S. Pinzi et al., "Castor oil enhanced effect on fuel ethanol-diesel fuel blend properties," Applied Energy, vol. 224, pp. 409–416, Aug. 2018.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Amit M. Patel, Ronak R Shah, V. K. Patel, Chandrakant Sonawane
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
