The Performance of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course Mix using De-οiled Bleaching Earth as Filler reviewed from Marshall Parameters
Received: 22 May 2024 | Revised: 1 July 2024 | Accepted: 3 July 2024 | Online: 9 October 2024
Corresponding author: Boedi Rahardjo
Abstract
Road construction is essential to support connectivity, mobility, and economic growth. However, road construction can raise economic, social, and environmental issues. Many attempts have been made to develop the concept of sustainable road construction and to minimize environmental impacts by utilizing various materials. This work studies the incorporation of De-Oiled Bleaching Earth (DBE) as a filler into the Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture. The research objectives were first to analyze the characteristics of the ingredients that make up the AC-WC mixture and second to analyze the performance of AC-WC with DBE as a filler in terms of Marshall parameters. The results revealed that AC-WC with 10% DBE complied with the standard requirements. The highest stability was obtained with 10% DBE content, and the lowest was obtained with 90% DBE. The overall flow values of the specimens met the standards, except for the DBE content of 70% and 100%. The VIM values of the 0% and 10% DBE specimens were 4.76 and 4.87%, respectively, which met the specification standard of 3-5%. All samples exhibited VMA values ≥ 15% in accordance with the specifications. VFA values that met the specifications of ≥ 65% were obtained for DBE levels of 0, 10, 20, and 40%. MQ values that fulfilled the specification of ≥ 250 kg/mm were achieved for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 90% DBE. Thus, DBE can be used as a filler material in AC-WC mixtures for environmentally friendly road construction. The optimum content of DBE in the AC-WC mixtures was found to be 10%.
Keywords:
asphalt pavement, DBE filler, AC-WC, Marshall ParametersDownloads
References
C. P. Ng, T. H. Law, F. M. Jakarni, and S. Kulanthayan, "Road infrastructure development and economic growth," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 512, no. 1, Apr. 2019, Art. no. 012045. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/512/1/012045
N. Maelissa, M. A. Rohman, and I. P. A. Wiguna, "Influencing factors of sustainable highway construction," E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 429, 2023, Art. no. 03002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342903002
S. Djalante, H. Oneyama, and L. O. M. N. Arsyad, "Toward Sustainability: Green Road Construction in Indonesia," presented at the 2nd International Symposium on Transportation Studies in Developing Countries (ISTSDC 2019), Feb. 2020, pp. 182–187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.200220.038
P. Del Rosario and M. Traverso, "Towards Sustainable Roads: A Systematic Review of Triple-Bottom-Line-Based Assessment Methods," Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 21, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 15654. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115654
S. Paranavithana and A. Mohajerani, "Effects of recycled concrete aggregates on properties of asphalt concrete," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 1–12, Jul. 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.12.009
S. Likitlersuang and T. Chompoorat, "Laboratory investigation of the performances of cement and fly ash modified asphalt concrete mixtures," International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 337–344, Sep. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijprt.2016.08.002
V.-L. Nguyen and V. T.-A. Phan, "Experimental Performance of Fiberglass Geogrid in Asphalt Pavements," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 10791–10796, Jun. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5915
X. Liu and S. Wu, "Study on the graphite and carbon fiber modified asphalt concrete," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1807–1811, Apr. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.082
S. M. El-Badawy, A. R. Gabr, and R. T. Abd El-Hakim, "Recycled Materials and By-Products for Pavement Construction," in Handbook of Ecomaterials, L. M. T. Martínez, O. V. Kharissova, and B. I. Kharisov, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019, pp. 2177–2198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_168
A. Zulkati, W. Y. Diew, and D. S. Delai, "Effects of Fillers on Properties of Asphalt-Concrete Mixture," Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 138, no. 7, pp. 902–910, Jul. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000395
Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, 35th ed. Washington, D.C., USA: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 2015.
M. M. E. Zumrawi, "The Impacts of Poor Drainage on Road Performance in Khartoum," International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Scientific Emerging Research, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 901–907, 2014.
A. Khamid and M. A. Izazi, "Pengaruh Genangan Air Hujan Terhadap Kinerja Campuran Aspal Concere - Wearing Course (Ac - Wc)," Syntax Literate, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 1–14, 2019.
H. M. A. A. Kareem and A. H. K. Albayati, "The Possibility of Minimizing Rutting Distress in Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 8063–8074, Feb. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4669
Indonesian Oil Palm Statistics 2021. Jakarta, Indonesia: BPS-Statistics Indonesia, 2022.
M. Aboustait, T. Kim, M. T. Ley, and J. M. Davis, "Physical and chemical characteristics of fly ash using automated scanning electron microscopy," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 106, pp. 1–10, Mar. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.098
Z. Shi and B. Lothenbach, "Role of Aluminum and Lithium in Mitigating Alkali-Silica Reaction—A Review," Frontiers in Materials, vol. 8, Jan. 2022, Art. no. 796396. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2021.796396
The General Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Work Revision 1. Indonesia: Edaran Dirjen Bina Marga Nomor 02/SE/Db/2018, 2018.
K. A. Kaaf and V. T. Ibeabuchi, "Marshall Asphalt Mix and Superior Performance Asphalt Mix in Oman: A Comparative Study," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 12258–12263, Dec. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6206
ASTM C150/C150M-12 Standard Specification for Portland Cement. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2014.
A. H. Aljassar, S. Metwali †, and M. A. Ali, "Effect of Filler Types on Marshall Stability and Retained Strength of Asphalt Concrete," International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 47–51, Mar. 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10298430410001733491
A. R. Pasandín and I. Pérez, "The influence of the mineral filler on the adhesion between aggregates and bitumen," International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 58, pp. 53–58, Apr. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.01.005
ASTM D5581-07A Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus (6 in. Diameter Specimen). West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 1999.
ASTM D1559-89 Test Method for Resistance of Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus (Withdrawn 1998). West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 1976.
ASTM D6927−15 Standard Test Method for Marshall Stability and Flow of Asphalt Mixtures. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 1995.
N. G. Chanrai and S. G. Burde, "Rocovery of oil from spent bleached earth," US 6,780,321 B2, 2004.
ASTM D854 - Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2000.
J. Choudhary, B. Kumar, and A. Gupta, "Effect of filler on the bitumen-aggregate adhesion in asphalt mix," International Journal of Pavement Engineering, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1482–1490, Oct. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2018.1549325
H. Taherkhani and F. Noorian, "Investigating the Marshall and Volumetric Properties of Asphalt Concrete Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Waste Oils Using Response Surface Methodology," Civil Engineering Infrastructures Journal, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 241–258, Dec. 2020.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Bagus Miftah, Boedi Rahardjo, . Pranoto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
