A Secure and Reliable Framework for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Smart City Applications

Authors

  • Mohammad Algarni Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia
  • Shailendra Mishra Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia
Volume: 14 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 15291-15296 | August 2024 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.7676

Abstract

Living in a smart city has many advantages, such as improved waste and water management, access to quality healthcare facilities, effective and safe transportation systems, and personal protection. Explainable AI (XAI) is called a system that is capable of providing explanations for its judgments or predictions. This term describes a model, its expected impacts, and any potential biases that may be present. XAI tools and frameworks can aid in comprehending and trusting the output and outcomes generated by machine-learning algorithms. This study used XAI methods to classify cities based on smart city metrics. The logistic regression method with LIME achieved perfect accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, predicting correctly all cases.

Keywords:

machine learning, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), smart city, artificial intelligence

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

V. Hassija et al., "Interpreting Black-Box Models: A Review on Explainable Artificial Intelligence," Cognitive Computation, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 45–74, Jan. 2024.

I. D. Apostolopoulos and P. P. Groumpos, "Fuzzy Cognitive Maps: Their Role in Explainable Artificial Intelligence," Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 6, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 3412.

Z. Ullah, F. Al-Turjman, L. Mostarda, and R. Gagliardi, "Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning in smart cities," Computer Communications, vol. 154, pp. 313–323, Mar. 2020.

M. Schnieder, "Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to Predict the Influence of Weather on the Thermal Soaring Capabilities of Sailplanes for Smart City Applications," Smart Cities, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 163–178, Feb. 2024.

C. I. Nwakanma et al., "Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Intrusion Detection and Mitigation in Intelligent Connected Vehicles: A Review," Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 3, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 1252.

M. Ahmed, S. R. Islam, A. Anwar, N. Moustafa, and A. S. K. Pathan, Eds., Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security: Next Generation Artificial Intelligence. Springer International Publishing, 2022.

S. K. Jagatheesaperumal, Q.-V. Pham, R. Ruby, Z. Yang, C. Xu, and Z. Zhang, "Explainable AI Over the Internet of Things (IoT): Overview, State-of-the-Art and Future Directions," IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 3, pp. 2106–2136, 2022.

C. Hurter et al., "Usage of more transparent and explainable conflict resolution algorithm: air traffic controller feedback," Transportation Research Procedia, vol. 66, pp. 270–278, Jan. 2022.

Z. A. E. Houda, B. Brik, and L. Khoukhi, "‘Why Should I Trust Your IDS?’: An Explainable Deep Learning Framework for Intrusion Detection Systems in Internet of Things Networks," IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 3, pp. 1164–1176, 2022.

O. Loyola-González, "Understanding the Criminal Behavior in Mexico City through an Explainable Artificial Intelligence Model," in Advances in Soft Computing, Xalapa, Mexico, 2019, pp. 136–149.

K. A. Eldrandaly, M. Abdel-Basset, M. Ibrahim, and N. M. Abdel-Aziz, "Explainable and secure artificial intelligence: taxonomy, cases of study, learned lessons, challenges and future directions," Enterprise Information Systems, Sep. 2023.

P. Weber, K. V. Carl, and O. Hinz, "Applications of Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Finance—a systematic review of Finance, Information Systems, and Computer Science literature," Management Review Quarterly, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 867–907, Jun. 2024.

M. M. Karim, Y. Li, and R. Qin, "Toward Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Early Anticipation of Traffic Accidents," Transportation Research Record, vol. 2676, no. 6, pp. 743–755, Jun. 2022.

Z. Li, Y. Zhu, and M. Van Leeuwen, "A Survey on Explainable Anomaly Detection," ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data, vol. 18, no. 1, Jun. 2023, Art. no. 23.

A. Rawal, J. McCoy, D. B. Rawat, B. M. Sadler, and R. St. Amant, "Recent Advances in Trustworthy Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Status, Challenges, and Perspectives," IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 852–866, Dec. 2022.

A. Procopiou and T. M. Chen, "Explainable AI in Machine/Deep Learning for Intrusion Detection in Intelligent Transportation Systems for Smart Cities," in Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Smart Cities, CRC Press, 2021.

D. Prabakar, M. Sundarrajan, S. Prasath Alias Surendhar, M. Ramachandran, and D. Gupta, "Trust Model Based Data Fusion in Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Edge Computing Using Secure Sequential Discriminant Auto Encoder with Lightweight Optimization Algorithm," in Explainable Edge AI: A Futuristic Computing Perspective, A. E. Hassanien, D. Gupta, A. K. Singh, and A. Garg, Eds. Springer International Publishing, 2023, pp. 139–160.

I. Batra, A. Malik, S. Sharma, C. Sharma, and S. Hosen, "Explainable Artificial Intelligence into Cyber-Physical System Architecture of Smart Cities: Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities," Journal of Electrical Systems, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 2343–2362, Apr. 2024.

M. H. Kabir, K. F. Hasan, M. K. Hasan, and K. Ansari, "Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Smart City Application: A Secure and Trusted Platform," in Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Cyber Security: Next Generation Artificial Intelligence, M. Ahmed, S. R. Islam, A. Anwar, N. Moustafa, and A.-S. K. Pathan, Eds. Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 241–263.

M. Monteiro, "Smart Cities Index Datasets." Kaggle, [Online]. Available: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/magdamonteiro/smart-cities-index-datasets.

Downloads

How to Cite

[1]
M. Algarni and S. Mishra, “A Secure and Reliable Framework for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Smart City Applications”, Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 15291–15296, Aug. 2024.

Metrics

Abstract Views: 60
PDF Downloads: 20

Metrics Information

Most read articles by the same author(s)