Vehicle-to-Home: Implementation and Design of an Intelligent Home Energy Management System that uses Renewable Energy
Received: 17 March 2024 | Revised: 17 April 2024 | Accepted: 18 April 2024 | Online: 22 June 2024
Corresponding author: Hanadi Alkhudhayr
Abstract
Using energy storage technology, such as batteries and electric vehicles, is crucial in combating energy shortages. Wind turbines and solar panels are two prominent alternative energy sources. This study examines the impact of Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) technology, specifically during the hours when solar radiation is at its highest. V2H enables electric car batteries to be a primary solution for home energy needs. An accurate scheduling system has been established to improve the organization's energy sustainability. The proposed algorithm effectively controls the allocation, availability, and retention of energy transported by electric vehicles (EVs). The model incorporates constraints to ensure that the family's electricity needs are met regardless of the prevailing weather conditions, whether sunny or cloudy. The Intelligent Home Energy Management System (IHEMS) is being developed to regulate energy use efficiently across different applications and sources. A multi-agent system (MAS) is used to improve operational efficiency and effectively meet the energy needs of devices in the system. An experimental database in Saudi Arabia examines and monitors production costs and energy consumption, considering weather conditions and equipment utilization. The results demonstrate the great potential of V2H technology as a practical storage option that efficiently addresses energy shortages.
Keywords:
artificial intelligence, deep reinforcement learning, peer-to-peer energy trading, smart community, photovoltaic-array, energy marketDownloads
References
T. Ibuchi and T. Funaki, "An Experimental Study on Conducted EMI Characteristics of AC Home Appliances in DC Power Feed," in Fifth International Conference on DC Microgrids, Auckland, New Zealand, Nov. 2023, pp. 1–6.
W. Zhang, Y. Wang, P. Xu, D. Li, and B. Liu, "Evaluation and Improvement of Backup Capacity for Household Electric Vehicle Uninterruptible Power Supply (EV-UPS) Systems," Energies, vol. 16, no. 12, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 4567.
M. S. Shemami and M. Sefid, "Implementation and Demonstration of Electric Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) Application: A Case Study," in Developing Charging Infrastructure and Technologies for Electric Vehicles, Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global, 2022, pp. 268–293.
A. Cordeiro et al., "Combining Power Electronic Converters and Automation to Simulate Solar PV systems," in 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies, Split / Bol, Croatia, Jul. 2022, pp. 1–6.
V. Schweitzer and F. Simon, "Understanding the Sources of Consumer Resistance to Smart Meters," in Smart Meters: Artificial Intelligence to Support Proactive Management of Energy Consumption, D. Ould Abdeslam, Ed. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2023, pp. 19–27.
A. A. Beltran, "Development of Grid Connected Solar PV Power Management Controller with Internet of Things-Based Real Time Data Checking," in 9th Information Technology International Seminar, Batu Malang, Indonesia, Oct. 2023, pp. 1–5.
Y. Deng, Y. Zhang, F. Luo, and Y. Mu, "Hierarchical energy management for community microgrids with integration of second-life battery energy storage systems and photovoltaic solar energy," IET Energy Systems Integration, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 206–219, 2022.
Md. A. Rahman, I. Rahman, and N. Mohammad, "Demand Side Residential Load Management System for Minimizing Energy Consumption Cost and Reducing Peak Demand in Smart Grid," in 2nd International Conference on Advanced Information and Communication Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Nov. 2020, pp. 376–381.
O. Ayan and B. Turkay, "Smart Thermostats for Home Automation Systems and Energy Savings from Smart Thermostats," in 6th International Conference on Control Engineering & Information Technology, Istanbul, Turkey, Oct. 2018, pp. 1–6.
B. Chreim, M. Esseghir, and L. Merghem-Boulahia, "LOSISH—LOad Scheduling In Smart Homes based on demand response: Application to smart grids," Applied Energy, vol. 323, Oct. 2022, Art. no. 119606.
L. V. Madsen, A. R. Hansen, and S. P. A. K. Larsen, "Embodied competencies and smart home technology in energy use: three ways users integrate smart heating systems in everyday practices," Energy Efficiency, vol. 16, no. 6, Jun. 2023, Art. no. 55.
A. Dubey and S. Paudyal, "Distribution System Optimization to Manage Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) for Grid Services," Foundations and Trends® in Electric Energy Systems, vol. 6, no. 3–4, pp. 120–264, Jun. 2023.
A. Ameur, A. Berrada, and A. Emrani, "Intelligent energy management system for smart home with grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic/ gravity energy storage system," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 72, Nov. 2023, Art. no. 108525.
F. Praus et al., "Smartphone Apps for Managing Antithrombotic Therapy: Scoping Literature Review," JMIR Cardio, vol. 6, no. 1, Jun. 2022, Art. no. e29481.
S. M. Shabber, M. Bansal, P. M. Devi, and P. Jain, "iHAS: An Intelligent Home Automation Based System for Smart City," in International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems, Jaipur, India, Dec. 2021, pp. 48–52.
P. Harsh and D. Das, "Energy management in microgrid using incentive-based demand response and reconfigured network considering uncertainties in renewable energy sources," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 46, Aug. 2021, Art. no. 101225.
F. Alghayadh and D. Debnath, "A Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Smart Home Security," in International Conference on Electro Information Technology, Chicago, IL, USA, Aug. 2020, pp. 319–323.
R. Faizrakhmanov, A. Platunov, and M. R. Bahrami, "Smart Home User Interface: Overview," in International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Manufacturing, Sochi, Russian Federation, Dec. 2023, pp. 595–600.
V. Spasojevic and I. Papp, "Dedicated software agents in smart home system - Smarts," in Zooming Innovation in Consumer Technologies Conference, Novi Sad, Serbia, Dec. 2021, pp. 38–42.
R. A. Rayan, "Machine Learning for Smart Health Care," in Machine Learning Algorithms and Applications in Engineering, Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2023, pp. 1–16.
M. W. Khan et al., "Agents-Based Energy Scheduling of EVs and Smart Homes in Smart Grid," in Smart Grid 3.0: Computational and Communication Technologies, B. Appasani and N. Bizon, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2023, pp. 185–219.
H. Najeh, C. Lohr, and B. Leduc, "Dynamic Segmentation of Sensor Events for Real-Time Human Activity Recognition in a Smart Home Context," Sensors, vol. 22, no. 14, Jan. 2022, Art. no. 5458.
S. Gherairi, "Design and implementation of an intelligent energy management system for smart home utilizing a multi-agent system," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 14, no. 3, Apr. 2023, Art. no. 101897.
S. Kang, S. H. Lee, J. A. Jang, S. Kwon, and Y. Ha, "A Study on Survey of Requirements for Design Thinking-Based V2H Communication," Journal of Korean Society of Transportation, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 58–68, Feb. 2022.
Y. Wu, Y. Wu, H. Cimen, J. C. Vasquez, and J. M. Guerrero, "P2P energy trading: Blockchain-enabled P2P energy society with multi-scale flexibility services," Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 3614–3628, Nov. 2022.
M. K. Ghosal, "Wind-Solar Photovoltaic Hybrid Power System," in Entrepreneurship in Renewable Energy Technologies, Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2022, pp. 252–337.
G. Aruta, F. Ascione, N. Bianco, L. Bindi, F. De Rossi, and G. Manniti, "From consumers to prosumers: the rise of Energy Communities and their role in the energy transition," in 8th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies, Split/Bol, Croatia, Jun. 2023, pp. 1–6.
L. Vankudoth and A. Q. H. Badar, "Hour Block Based Demand Response for Optimal Energy Trading Profits in Networked Microgrids," Distributed Generation & Alternative Energy Journal, pp. 1549–1576, Jul. 2022.
N. Ra, A. Ghosh, and A. Bhattacharjee, "IoT-based smart energy management for solar vanadium redox flow battery powered switchable building glazing satisfying the HVAC system of EV charging stations," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 281, Apr. 2023, Art. no. 116851.
S. Barua and N. Mohammad, "Investigating Heuristic and Optimization Energy Management Algorithms to Minimize Residential Electricity Costs," in International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering, Chittagong, Bangladesh, Feb. 2023, pp. 1–6.
S. Choorikkat, Y.-C. Lee, and H.-W. Hsu, "A Stackelberg Game-Theoretic Model of Fee-and-Rebate Pricing in a Load-Reduction Emergency Demand Response Program," in Handbook of Smart Energy Systems, M. Fathi, E. Zio, and P. M. Pardalos, Eds. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2021, pp. 627–651.
B. Zafar and S. A. B. Slama, "PV-EV integrated home energy management using vehicle-to-home (V2H) technology and household occupant behaviors," Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 44, Nov. 2022, Art. no. 101001.
Z. Yao and J. Gan, "Review of Charging and Discharging Strategies for EVs Based on DR," in 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Aalborg, Denmark, Sep. 2023, pp. 1-8.
M. E. Bendib and A. Mekias, "Solar Panel and Wireless Power Transmission System as a Smart Grid for Electric Vehicles," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 5683–5688, Jun. 2020.
P. Maya and P. A. Salam, "Analysis of Systemic Risk due to Transaction Cost for a Smart contract for P2P Electricity Trading," in International Conference on Power Electronics, Smart Grid, and Renewable Energy, Trivandrum, India, Dec. 2023, pp. 1–5.
B. E. Sabir, M. Youssfi, O. Bouattane, and H. Allali, "Towards a New Model to Secure IoT-based Smart Home Mobile Agents using Blockchain Technology," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 5441–5447, Apr. 2020.
"The General Authority of Meteorology and Environmental Protection." https://www.mewa.gov.sa/en/Partners/Pages/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9.aspx.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Hanadi Alkhudhayr, Alanoud Subahi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
