Effect of Fire Exposure on the Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete reinforced by Glass Fibers
Received: 17 January 2024 | Revised: 1 February 2024 | Accepted: 13 February 2024 | Online: 2 April 2024
Corresponding author: Shatha D. Mohammed
Abstract
The optimal design of any structural elements requires examining all environmental risks, emergency accidents, and standard load cases. Exposure to fire is one of the most common safety threats. Nowadays wide developments are achieved in the field of concrete technology, therefore, experimental and theoretical investigations should be performed on the characteristics of such developed materials under different loading conditions. This study investigates the impact of fire exposure on the mechanical characteristics of self-compacting concrete, specifically compressive and tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and stress-strain relation. The adopted fire exposure consisted of six steady-state temperatures (300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800°C) for one hour and a sudden cooling method. Four glass fiber volume fractions were adopted: 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%. The glass fiber volume fractions considered (0.5-1.5%) improved the mechanical properties investigated. Two states were detected for the effect of fire exposure. The effect of fire exposure was inversely proportional to fiber content in burning temperatures of 300-700°C, while the reduction in mechanical properties of 1.5% fiber content was greater than those of 0.5 and 1% when the temperature increased to 800°C. Furthermore, the addition of glass fiber changed the brittle mode stress-strain relation to semi-ductile for the non-burned and burned up to 600°C specimens, whereas a brittle behavior was detected when the temperature increased above 600°C. In general, a similar effect was noticed for all the glass fiber ratios considered regarding the slope of the stress-strain linear stage compared to the non-burned specimens, which was more salient when the burning temperature increased.
Keywords:
self compacting concrete, glass fiber, flame, sudden cooling, modulus of elasticity, compressive strength, tensile strengthDownloads
References
P. Rashiddadash, A. A. Ramezanianpour, and M. Mahdikhani, "Experimental investigation on flexural toughness of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) containing metakaolin and pumice," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 51, pp. 313–320, Jan. 2014.
S. Luhar, T. W. Cheng, D. Nicolaides, I. Luhar, D. Panias, and K. Sakkas, "Valorisation of glass wastes for the development of geopolymer composites – Durability, thermal and microstructural properties: A review," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 222, pp. 673–687, Oct. 2019.
S. Luhar, T. W. Cheng, D. Nicolaides, I. Luhar, D. Panias, and K. Sakkas, "Valorisation of glass waste for development of Geopolymer composites – Mechanical properties and rheological characteristics: A review," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 220, pp. 547–564, Sep. 2019.
N. A. Memon, M. A. Memon, N. A. Lakho, F. A. Memon, M. A. Keerio, and A. N. Memon, "A Review on Self Compacting Concrete with Cementitious Materials and Fibers," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 2969–2974, Jun. 2018.
J. Abd and I. K. Ahmed, "The Effect of Low Velocity Impact Loading on Self-Compacting Concrete Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 7689–7694, Oct. 2021.
A. H. Abdullah and S. D. Mohammed, "The Fire Effect on the Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates by Expanded Clay Aggregates," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 12220–12225, Dec. 2023.
S. Paul, M. H. Rashid, and M. A. Rahman, "Effect of Elevated Temperature on Residual Strength of Self Compacted Concrete," Journal of Engineering Science, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 107–115, Dec. 2020.
B. Demirel and O. Keleştemur, "Effect of elevated temperature on the mechanical properties of concrete produced with finely ground pumice and silica fume," Fire Safety Journal, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 385–391, Nov. 2010.
N. Anand, G. Arulraj, and C. Aravindhan, "Stress-Strain Behaviour of Normal Compacting and Self Compacting Concrete Under Elevated Temperatures," Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 63–76, Jan. 2014.
A. A. Hammadi, A. F. Izzat, and J. A. Farhan, "Effect of Fire Flame (High Temperature) on the Self Compacted Concrete (SCC) One Way Slabs," Journal of Engineering, vol. 18, no. 10, 2012.
S. D. Mohammed and N. M. Fawzi, "Fire Flame Influence on the Behavior of reinforced Concrete Beams Affected by Repeated Load," Journal of Engineering, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 206–223, 2016.
Z. H. Dakhel and S. D. Mohammed, "Castellated Beams with Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Deck Slab as a Modified Choice for Composite Steel-Concrete Beams Affected by Harmonic Load," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 8809–8816, Aug. 2022.
R. K. Aboud, H. K. Awad, and S. D. Mohammed, "Fire flame effect on the compressive strength of reactive powder concrete using different methods of cooling," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 518, no. 2, Feb. 2019, Art. no. 022029.
H. K. Awad, "Influence of Cooling Methods on the Behavior of Reactive Powder Concrete Exposed to Fire Flame Effect," Fibers, vol. 8, no. 3, Mar. 2020, Art. no. 19.
"Iraqi Standard No. 5: Portland Cement." The Central Organization for Standardization and Quality Control, Iraq, 2019.
"ASTM C150/C150M-21: Standard Specification for Portland Cement." American Society for Testing and Materials, 2021.
"Iraqi Specification No. 45: Aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete and Construction." 1983.
"ASTM C33/C33M-18: Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates." American Society for Testing and Materials, 2018.
"ASTM C1240-20: Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures." American Society for Testing and Materials, 2020.
"ASTM C204-18e1: Standard Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus." American Society for Testing and Materials, 2018.
"The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete," European Federation of Concrete Admixture Associations | European Federation of Specialist Construction Chemicals and Concrete Systems, May 2005.
"BS EN 12390-3:2019 - TC: Testing hardened concrete - Compressive strength of test specimens." British Standards Institution, 2019.
"ASTM C496/C496M-15: Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens." American Society for Testing and Materials, 2017.
"ASTM C469/C469M-15: Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression." American Society for Testing and Materials, 2015.
"ASTM E119-20: Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials." American Society for Testing and Materials, 2020.
A. Al-Ameeri, "The Effect of Steel Fiber on Some Mechanical Properties of Self Compacting Concrete," American Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 102–110, 2013.
S. L. Hake, S. S. Shinde, P. K. Bhandari, P. R. Awasarmal, and B. D. Kanawade, "Effect of Glass Fibers on Self Compacting Concrete," E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 170, 2020, Art. no. 06018.
D. B. Kulkarni and S. N. Patil, "Comparative Study of Effect of Sustained High Temperature on strength Properties of Self Compacting Concrete and Ordinary Conventional Concrete," International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 106–118, 2011.
E. T. Dawood and M. Ramli, "Mechanical properties of high strength flowing concrete with hybrid fibers," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 193–200, Mar. 2012.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rawaa K. Aboud, Hadeel K. Awad, Shatha D. Mohammed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
