Analyzing the Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties of TIG Welded Joints processed by Friction Stir considering the sampling Orientation

Authors

  • Velaphi Msomi Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Science, Technology, and Engineering, Florida Campus, University of South Africa, South Africa
  • Sipokazi Mabuwa Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa
Volume: 14 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 12470-12475 | February 2024 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6459

Abstract

The contribution of the microstructural arrangement to the mechanical properties of friction stir processed Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welded joints is reported in this work. The TIG-welded joints were subjected to a single pass of Friction Stir Processing (FSP). The friction stir processed joint was sampled transversally and longitudinally, and different tests were conducted and studied comparatively. The microstructural analysis showed refined grains with varying degrees. The mean grain size for the transversally sampled specimen was found to be 11.48 µm, while the longitudinally sampled specimen had varying mean grain size from 7.32 µm to 15.09 µm. The varying mean grain size of the longitudinally sampled specimen is caused by the staggered arrangement of the microstructure. The tensile properties and the microhardness of the transversally sampled specimen were lower than those of the longitudinally sampled specimen. The ultimate tensile strength of the transversally sampled specimen was found to be 87.88 MPa which is lower than that of the longitudinally sampled specimen (133.83 MPa). The microhardness of the longitudinally sampled specimen fluctuated between 30 HV and 80 HV while the transversally sampled specimen had a maximum microhardness of approximately 57 HV.

Keywords:

friction stir processing, sampling directions, tensile strength, tungsten inert gas welding, microstructure

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

G. Singh, A. S. Kang, K. Singh, and J. Singh, "Experimental comparison of friction stir welding process and TIG welding process for 6082-T6 Aluminium alloy," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 4, no. 2, Part A, pp. 3590–3600, Jan. 2017.

R. Kumar et al., "A comparative analysis of friction stir and tungsten inert gas dissimilar AA5082-AA7075 butt welds," Materials Science for Energy Technologies, vol. 5, pp. 74–80, Jan. 2022.

Y. S. Sato, M. Urata, and H. Kokawa, "Parameters controlling microstructure and hardness during friction-stir welding of precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy 6063," Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 625–635, Mar. 2002.

Y. Huang, P. Liu, H. Xiang, S. Deng, Y. Guo, and J. Li, "Mechanical properties, corrosion and microstructure distribution of a 2195-T8 AlLi alloy TIG welded joint," Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 90, pp. 151–165, Mar. 2023.

N. A. Liyakat and D. Veeman, "Improvement of mechanical and microstructural properties of AA 5052-H32 TIG weldment using friction stir processing approach," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 19, pp. 332–344, Jul. 2022.

X. Yang et al., "Microstructures and microhardness for sheets and TIG welded joints of TA15 alloy using friction stir spot processing," Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 55–65, Jan. 2018.

H. Mehdi and R. S. Mishra, "Effect of friction stir processing on mechanical properties and heat transfer of TIG welded joint of AA6061 and AA7075," Defence Technology, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 715–727, Jun. 2021.

H. Mehdi and R. S. Mishra, "Investigation of mechanical properties and heat transfer of welded joint of AA6061 and AA7075 using TIG+FSP welding approach," Journal of Advanced Joining Processes, vol. 1, Mar. 2020, Art. no. 100003.

H. H. Jadav, V. Badheka, D. K. Sharma, and G. Upadhyay, "A review on effect of friction stir processing on the welded joints," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 43, pp. 84–92, Jan. 2021.

S. Mabuwa, V. Msomi, O. Muribwathoho, and S. Saasebeng Motshwanedi, "The microstructure and mechanical properties of the friction stir processed TIG-welded aerospace dissimilar aluminium alloys," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 46, pp. 658–664, Jan. 2021.

A. Thakur, V. Sharma, N. Minhas, S. Manda, and V. S. Sharma, "Microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction stir welded joints of laser powder bed fusion processed AlSi10Mg and conventional hot rolled 6061-T6 thin sheets," Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 163, Aug. 2023, Art. no. 109382.

M. Kumar, A. Das, and R. Ballav, "Influence of the Zn interlayer on the mechanical strength, corrosion and microstructural behavior of friction stir-welded 6061-T6 aluminium alloy and AZ61 magnesium alloy dissimilar joints," Materials Today Communications, vol. 35, Jun. 2023, Art. no. 105509.

K. M. Mehta and V. J. Badheka, "Wear behavior of Al-6061-B4C surface composites fabricated by Friction Stir Processing using Slot and Hole method of reinforcement application," Wear, vol. 522, Jun. 2023, Art. no. 204719.

S. Ghouse Mohiddin and S. Venkatesh, "Influence of reinforcement on weld bead characteristics of friction stir processed Al5083/NFA composite," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 56, pp. 1614–1617, Jan. 2022.

I. Dinaharan, S. Zhang, G. Chen, and Q. Shi, "Assessment of Ti-6Al-4V particles as a reinforcement for AZ31 magnesium alloy-based composites to boost ductility incorporated through friction stir processing," Journal of Magnesium and Alloys, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 979–992, Apr. 2022.

S. Choudhary and V. Gaur, "Enhanced fatigue properties of AA5086 friction stir weld joints by Cu-reinforcement," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 869, Mar. 2023, Art. no. 144778.

J. S. Jesus, J. M. Costa, A. Loureiro, and J. M. Ferreira, "Fatigue strength improvement of GMAW T-welds in AA 5083 by friction-stir processing," International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 97, pp. 124–134, Apr. 2017.

H. Mehdi and R. S. Mishra, "Study of the influence of friction stir processing on tungsten inert gas welding of different aluminum alloy," SN Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 7, Jun. 2019, Art. no. 712.

H. Mehdi and R. S. Mishra, "An experimental analysis and optimization of process parameters of AA6061 and AA7075 welded joint by TIG+FSP welding using RSM," Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 598–620, Jan. 2022.

S. Mabuwa and V. Msomi, "The effect of friction stir processing on the friction stir welded AA1050-H14 and AA6082-T6 joints," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 26, pp. 193–199, Jan. 2020.

H. Mehdi and R. S. Mishra, "Effect of Friction Stir Processing on Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of Tungsten Inert Gas Welded Joint of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys," Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 1926–1937, Mar. 2021.

H. Mehdi and R. S. Mishra, "Effect of Friction Stir Processing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TIG Welded Joint of AA6061 and AA7075," Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 403–418, Jun. 2020.

H. Mehdi and R. Mishra, "Microstructure and mechanical characterization of tungsten inert gas-welded joint of AA6061 and AA7075 by friction stir processing," Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, vol. 235, no. 11, pp. 2531–2546, Dec. 2021.

A. N. Salah, S. Mabuwa, H. Mehdi, V. Msomi, M. Kaddami, and P. Mohapatra, "Effect of Multipass FSP on Si-rich TIG Welded Joint of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys AA8011-H14 and AA5083-H321: EBSD and Microstructural Evolutions," Silicon, vol. 14, no. 15, pp. 9925–9941, Oct. 2022.

A. W. Hashmi, H. Mehdi, S. Mabuwa, V. Msomi, and P. Mohapatra, "Influence of FSP Parameters on Wear and Microstructural Characterization of Dissimilar TIG Welded Joints with Si-rich Filler Metal," Silicon, vol. 14, no. 17, pp. 11131–11145, Nov. 2022.

V. Msomi and S. Mabuwa, "Analysis of material positioning towards microstructure of the friction stir processed AA1050/AA6082 dissimilar joint," Advances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, vol. 1, Nov. 2020, Art. no. 100002.

H. Yamamoto, Y. Danno, K. Ito, Y. Mikami, and H. Fujii, "Weld toe modification using spherical-tip WC tool FSP in fatigue strength improvement of high-strength low-alloy steel joints," Materials & Design, vol. 160, pp. 1019–1028, Dec. 2018.

B. Mvola, P. Kah, and J. Martikainen, "Welding of dissimilar non-ferrous metals by GMAW processes," International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 9, no. 1, Oct. 2014, Art. no. 21.

P. He, X. Bai, and H. Zhang, "Microstructure refinement and mechanical properties enhancement of wire and arc additively manufactured 6061 aluminum alloy using friction stir processing post-treatment," Materials Letters, vol. 330, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 133365.

J. Wei, C. He, Y. Zhao, M. Qie, G. Qin, and L. Zuo, "Evolution of microstructure and properties in 2219 aluminum alloy produced by wire arc additive manufacturing assisted by interlayer friction stir processing," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 868, Mar. 2023, Art. no. 144794.

J. Wei et al., "Microstructure refinement and mechanical properties enhancement of wire-arc additive manufactured 2219 aluminum alloy assisted by interlayer friction stir processing," Vacuum, vol. 203, Sep. 2022, Art. no. 111264.

Y. Li, A. J. Bushby, and D. J. Dunstan, "The Hall–Petch effect as a manifestation of the general size effect," Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 472, no. 2190, Jun. 2016, Art. no. 20150890.

S. Mabuwa and V. Msomi, "Fatigue behaviour of the multi-pass friction stir processed AA8011-H14 and AA6082-T651 dissimilar joints," Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 118, Dec. 2020, Art. no. 104876.

M. Verma and P. Saha, "Effect of micro-grooves featured tool and their depths on dissimilar micro-friction stir welding (μFSW) of aluminum alloys: A study of process responses and weld characteristics," Materials Characterization, vol. 196, Feb. 2023, Art. no. 112614.

T. Madani, M. Boukraa, M. Aissani, T. Chekifi, A. Ziadi, and M. Zirari, "Experimental investigation and numerical analysis using Taguchi and ANOVA methods for underwater friction stir welding of aluminium alloy 2017 process improvement," International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, vol. 201, Feb. 2023, Art. no. 104879.

C. He et al., "Improvement of microstructure and fatigue performance of wire-arc additive manufactured 4043 aluminum alloy assisted by interlayer friction stir processing," Journal of Materials Science & Technology, vol. 133, pp. 183–194, Jan. 2023.

B. V. G. de Viveiros, R. M. P. da Silva, U. Donatus, and I. Costa, "Welding and galvanic coupling effects on the electrochemical activity of dissimilar AA2050 and AA7050 aluminum alloys welded by Friction Stir Welding (FSW)," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 449, May 2023, Art. no. 142196.

S. Raj and P. Biswas, "Effect of induction preheating on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar material joints of Inconel 718 and SS316L," CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology, vol. 41, pp. 160–179, Apr. 2023.

N. Dimov et al., "Strain and damage analysis using high resolution digital image correlation in the stir zone of an AA6061-AA7075 dissimilar friction stir weld," Materials Today Communications, vol. 34, Mar. 2023, Art. no. 105359.

A. W. El-Morsy, M. Ghanem, and H. Bahaitham, "Effect of Friction Stir Welding Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA2024-T4 Aluminum Alloy," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 2493–2498, Feb. 2018.

J. A. Al-jarrah, A. Ibrahim, and S. Sawlaha, "Effect of Applied Pressure on the Mechanical Properties of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Welded Joints Prepared by Friction Stir Welding," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1619–1622, Jun. 2017.

M. Elitas and B. Demir, "The Effects of the Welding Parameters on Tensile Properties of RSW Junctions of DP1000 Sheet Steel," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 3116–3120, Aug. 2018.

Downloads

How to Cite

[1]
Msomi, V. and Mabuwa, S. 2024. Analyzing the Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties of TIG Welded Joints processed by Friction Stir considering the sampling Orientation. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 14, 1 (Feb. 2024), 12470–12475. DOI:https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.6459.

Metrics

Abstract Views: 377
PDF Downloads: 440

Metrics Information

Most read articles by the same author(s)