Development and Application of Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) Sensors for the Structural Health Monitoring of an Urban Railway Bridge in Vietnam
Received: 16 July 2023 | Revised: 6 August 2023 | Accepted: 8 August 2023 | Online: 13 October 2023
Corresponding author: Minh Tran Quang
Abstract
Measuring the structure's displacement plays a very important role in ensuring the safe operation of railway bridges in general and urban railway bridges in particular. In Vietnam, traditional methods using high-precision mechanical gauges have been used to measure the displacement of railway bridges. However, these methods need a lot of effort in installation and traffic control during implementation. These methods are based on the static principle: The test loads are placed on the bridge structure, and then the structure's displacement is observed. The safety assessment and analysis results are guaranteed by multiplying the dynamic coefficients, leading to some assessments that may not be close to the actual exploitation of the bridge structure. Therefore, the current study presents a new solution for measuring the displacement of railway bridge structures. This method uses Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) sensors to record the continuous displacement of the structure during the time the train passes over the bridge. Through field measurements combined with a finite element analysis model, the research focuses on developing and applying LVDT sensors in urban railway bridge structure health monitoring. At the same time, the potential of developing this method in Vietnam in the future is evaluated.
Keywords:
LVDT, dynamic displacement, urban railwayDownloads
References
D. D. Van, "A Research on the Load Calculation Method in Designing the Traction Power Supply for Integrated Subway – MCR," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 10882–10887, Jun. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5909
A. Z. Bulum, M. Dugenci, and M. Ipek, "Application of a Seat-based Booking Control Mechanism in Rail Transport with Customer Diversion," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 9126–9135, Oct. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5171
How Freight Railroads Maintain Bridges. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJfWv_lZwNk, 2013.
D. Agdas, J. A. Rice, J. R. Martinez, and I. R. Lasa, "Comparison of Visual Inspection and Structural-Health Monitoring As Bridge Condition Assessment Methods," Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, vol. 30, no. 3, Jun. 2016, Art. no. 04015049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000802
N. T. C. Nguyen, M. Q. Tran, H. S. Sousa, T. V. Ngo, and J. C. Matos, "Damage detection of structural based on indirect vibration measurement results combined with Artificial Neural Network," Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 403–410, Dec. 2022.
T. Q. Minh, S. S. Helder, and C. M. Jose, "Application of AI Tools in Creating Datasets from A Real Data Component for Structural Health Monitoring," in Data Driven Methods for Civil Structural Health Monitoring and Resilience: Latest Developments and Applications, CRC Press, 2023.
M. S. Mohammed and K. Ki-Seong, "Chirplet Transform in Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing and Structural Health Monitoring: A Review," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 3778–3781, Feb. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2470
F. Moreu and J. M. LaFave, "Current Research Topics: Railroad Bridges and Structural Engineering," University of Illinois, Newmark Structural Engineering Laboratory Report Series Report No. NSEL-032, Oct. 2012.
T. Q. Minh, N. T. C. Nhung, N. H. Quyet, S. Helder, S. Sou, and C. J. Matos, "Opportunities and Challenges of Digital Twins in Structural Health Monitoring," in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainability in Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nov. 2023, pp. 25–27.
N. T. C. Nguyen, M. Q. Tran, H. S. Sousa, T. V. Ngo, and J. C. Matos, "Damage detection of structural based on indirect vibration measurement results combined with Artificial Neural Network," Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures « JMES », vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 403–410, Dec. 2022.
M. Q. Tran et al., "Structural Assessment Based on Vibration Measurement Test Combined with an Artificial Neural Network for the Steel Truss Bridge," Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 13, Jan. 2023, Art. no. 7484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137484
M. Q. Tran, H. S. Sousa, J. Matos, S. Fernandes, Q. T. Nguyen, and S. N. Dang, "Finite Element Model Updating for Composite Plate Structures Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm," Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 13, an. 2023, Art. no. 7719. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137719
C. Dong, S. Bas, M. Debees, N. Alver, and F. N. Catbas, "Bridge Load Testing for Identifying Live Load Distribution, Load Rating, Serviceability and Dynamic Response," Frontiers in Built Environment, vol. 6, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2020.00046
J. Yang, J. B. Li, and G. Lin, "A simple approach to integration of acceleration data for dynamic soil–structure interaction analysis," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 725–734, Aug. 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.12.011
T. Nagayama, B. F. Spencer, and J. A. Rice, "Structural health monitoring using smart sensors," in World Forum on Smart Materials and Smart Structures Technology, CRC Press, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439828441.ch129
A. I. Ozdagli, F. Moreu, J. A. Gomez, P. Garp, and S. Vemuganti, "Data Fusion of Accelerometers with Inclinometers for Reference-free High Fidelity Displacement Estimation," presented at the 8th European Workshop On Structural Health Monitoring (EWSHM 2016), Bilbao, Spain, Jul. 2016.
T.-L. Wang, V. K. Garg, and K.-H. Chu, "Railway Bridge/Vehicle Interaction Studies with New Vehicle Model," Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 117, no. 7, pp. 2099–2116, Jul. 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:7(2099)
X. Meng, A. H. Dodson, and G. W. Roberts, "Detecting bridge dynamics with GPS and triaxial accelerometers," Engineering Structures, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 3178–3184, Nov. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.03.012
T.-H. Yi, H.-N. Li, and M. Gu, "Experimental assessment of high-rate GPS receivers for deformation monitoring of bridge," Measurement, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 420–432, Jan. 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2012.07.018
F. Moreu et al., "Dynamic Assessment of Timber Railroad Bridges Using Displacements," Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol. 20, no. 10, Oct. 2015, Art. no. 04014114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000726
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Nguyen Thi Cam Nhung , Le Van Vu, Huu Quyet Nguyen, Dang Thi Huyen, Duc Binh Nguyen, Minh Tran Quang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.