Behavior of Strip Footing/s above Void in Sandy Soil
Received: 17 November 2022 | Revised: 4 December 2022 | Accepted: 12 December 2022 | Online: 25 December 2022
Corresponding author: Assma Benbouza
Abstract
This paper presents a numerical study that utilizes finite element analysis under the plain strain condition performed on sand with isolated strip footing and two closely spaced strip footings above a continuous void. The Bearing Capacity Ratio (BCR) and the efficiency factor ζγ were introduced to determine the effect of the void on the ultimate bearing capacity of footing/s. The influence of various parameters including spacing (S/B) (i.e. edge to edge) between the two interfering footings along with the location and the shape of the void were studied. In general, the results indicate that the presence of a void reduces the bearing capacity and affects the performance of footing/s and there is a critical value of S/B beyond which the effect of the void on the bearing capacity of the interfering footings becomes negligible.
Keywords:
interfering footings, bearing capacity, strip footing, finite element method, underground voids, granular soilDownloads
References
K. Terzaghi, Theoretical Soil Mechanics. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470172766
J. G. Stuart, "Interference Between Foundations, with Special Reference to Surface Footings in Sand," Géotechnique, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 15–22, Mar. 1962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1962.12.1.15
B. M. Das and S. Larbi-Cherif, "Bearing Capacity of Two Closely-Spaced Shallow Foundations on Sand," Soils and Foundations, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1–7, Mar. 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.23.1
E. C. J. Hazell, "Interaction of closely spaced strip footings," Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Final year project report, 2004.
J. Kumar and P. Ghosh, "Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Two Interfering Rough Strip Footings," International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 53–62, Jan. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2007)7:1(53)
J. Kumar and P. Ghosh, "Upper bound limit analysis for finding interference effect of two nearby strip footings on sand," Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 499–507, May 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-007-9124-9
A. Kumar and S. Saran, "Closely Spaced Footings on Geogrid-Reinforced Sand," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 129, no. 7, pp. 660–664, Jul. 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:7(660)
M. Ghazavi and A. A. Lavasan, "Interference effect of shallow foundations constructed on sand reinforced with geosynthetics," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 404–415, Oct. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.02.003
A. Mabrouki, D. Benmeddour, R. Frank, and M. Mellas, "Numerical study of the bearing capacity for two interfering strip footings on sands," Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 431–439, Jun. 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2009.12.007
A. Benbouza, L. Arabet, and K. Abbeche, "Numerical Study of the Failure Surface in Granular Soil Under Two Closely Spaced Strip Footings," in Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt, Jul. 2017, pp. 165–172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61905-7_14
R. Boufarh, K. Abbeche, and A. Abdi, "Experimental Investigation of Interference Between Adjacent Footings on Layered Cohesionless Soil," Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 128–135, May 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-019-09580-z
A. Gupta and T. G. Sitharam, "Experimental and numerical investigations on interference of closely spaced square footings on sand," International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 142–150, Apr. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19386362.2018.1454386
A. Badie and M. C. Wang, "Interaction Between Strip Footing and Soft Ground Tunnel," in 13th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, New Delhi, India, 1994, pp. 571–574.
R. L. Baus and M. C. Wang, "Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing above Void," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. 1–14, Jan. 1983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1983)109:1(1)
L. A. Wood and W. J. Carnach, "The Behaviour of Footings Located Above Voids," in Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, CA, USA, Aug. 1985.
A. Badie and M. C. Wang, "Stability of Spread Footing Above Void in Clay," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 110, no. 11, pp. 1591–1605, Nov. 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:11(1591)
M. C. Wang and A. Badie, "Effect of Underground Void on Foundation Stability," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 111, no. 8, pp. 1008–1019, Aug. 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1985)111:8(1008)
M. C. Wang and C. W. Hsieh, "Collapse load of strip footing above circular void," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 113, no. 5, May 1987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1987)113:5(511)
G. Azam, C. W. Hsieh, and M. C. Wang, "Performance of Strip Footing on Stratified Soil Deposit with Void," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 117, no. 5, pp. 753–772, May 1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1991)117:5(753)
M. Kiyosumi, O. Kusakabe, M. Ohuchi, and F. Le Peng, "Yielding Pressure of Spread Footing above Multiple Voids," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 133, no. 12, pp. 1522–1531, Dec. 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:12(1522)
M. Kiyosumi, O. Kusakabe, and M. Ohuchi, "Model Tests and Analyses of Bearing Capacity of Strip Footing on Stiff Ground with Voids," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 137, no. 4, pp. 363–375, Apr. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000440
J. K. Lee, S. Jeong, and J. Ko, "Undrained stability of surface strip footings above voids," Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 62, pp. 128–135, Oct. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.07.009
A. A. Lavasan, A. Talsaz, M. Ghazavi, and T. Schanz, "Behavior of Shallow Strip Footing on Twin Voids," Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1791–1805, Dec. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-9989-6
H. Zhou, G. Zheng, X. He, X. Xu, T. Zhang, and X. Yang, "Bearing capacity of strip footings on c–φ soils with square voids," Acta Geotechnica, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 747–755, Feb. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0630-0
Y. Xiao, M. Zhao, and H. Zhao, "Undrained stability of strip footing above voids in two-layered clays by finite element limit analysis," Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 97, pp. 124–133, May 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.01.005
B. Mazouz, T. Mansouri, M. Baazouzi, and K. Abbeche, "Assessing the Effect of Underground Void on Strip Footing Sitting on a Reinforced Sand Slope with Numerical Modeling," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 9005–9011, Aug. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5131
M. A. Soomro, M. A. Keerio, M. A. Soomro, and D. K. Bangwar, "3D Centrifuge Modeling of the Effect of Twin Tunneling to an Existing Pile Group," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2030–2040, Oct. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1393
M. A. Soomro, D. K. Bangwar, M. A. Soomro, and M. A. Keerio, "3D Numerical Analysis of the Effects of an Advancing Tunnel on an Existing Loaded Pile Group," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 2520–2525, Feb. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1693
G. G. Meyerhof, "Some Recent Research on the Bearing Capacity of Foundations," Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 16–26, Sep. 1963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t63-003
A. S. Vesic, "Analysis of Ultimate Loads of Shallow Foundations," Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 45–73, Jan. 1973. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001846
J. B. Hansen, "A General Formula for Bearing Capacity," Ingeniøren — International Edition, 1961.
A. Al-Tabbaa, "Model tests of footings above shallow cavities," Ground Engineering, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 39–42, Oct. 1989.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Assma Benbouza, Tarek Mansouri, Khelifa Abbeche
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
