Investigation on the Rheological Behavior of Multigrade Oil under the Effect of Organic and Inorganic Impurities
Abstract
The lubrication process of mechanical equipment and treatment of assembly metals structures using fluids with efficient rheological properties requires a knowledge of their behavior in the presence and in the absence of organic impurities. The intrinsic physical property of the lubricating fluids has a dependency to the mechanical and physicochemical environment. This paper is focused on the assessment of the behavior of SAE20W40 multigrade oil under normal temperature and pressure, through the addition of water in vapor phase and solid paraffin. Results show that there is a decrease in the dynamic and kinematic viscosity for heterogeneous oils. The rate of degradation is greater in the mixture of water with oil. The addition of paraffin in the mixture caused an increase in viscosity. However, after certain RPM points, it is noted that the data curve became similar to the first mixture. This relaxation phenomenon is caused by the turbulence created by the rotating cylinder in oil. The use of a retentate paraffin shows that the added agent has acted as a surfactant
Keywords:
Viscosity, oil, water, relaxation, paraffin, miscibilityDownloads
References
IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, Gold Book, 2nd ed., 1997
E.W. Dean, G.H.B. Davis, “Viscosity variations of oils with temperature, ' Chemical and. Metallurgical Engineering, Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 618–619, 1929
E.W. Hardiman, A.H. Nissan, “A Rational Basis for the Viscosity Index System”, Journal of the Institute of Petroleum, Vol. 31, pp. 255–270, 1945
M. A. Farah, R. C. Oliveira, J. N. Caldasa, K. Rajagopa, “Viscosity of water-in-oil emulsions: Variation with temperature and water volume fraction”, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 48, No. 3-4, pp.169–184, 2005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2005.06.014
H. P. Ronningsen, “Correlations for predicting viscosity of w/o-emulsions based on North Sea crude oils”, SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, 14-17 February, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 1995 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2118/28968-MS
American Society for Testing and Material, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05, Philadelphia, USA 2001
P. T. Cummings, D. J. Evans, “Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics Properties and Non-Newtonian Fluid Approaches to Transport Rheology”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol. 31, pp.1237–1252, 1992 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00005a001
Society of Automotive Engineers , SAE handbook, Vol. 124, 1968
http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au/u/UG/SM/MATH3075/r/Einstein_1905.pdf
I. M. Krieger, T. J. Dougherty, “A mechanism for non-Newtonian flow in suspensions of rigid spheres”, Transaction of the Society of Rheology, Vol. 3, pp. 137–152, 1911 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1122/1.548848
R. Pal, “Evaluation of theoretical viscosity models for concentrated emulsions at low capillary numbers”, Chemical Engineering Journal,Vol. 81, No. 1-3, pp. 15–21, 2001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(00)00174-1
G. I. Taylor, “The viscosity of a fluid containing small drops of another liquid”, Proc. R. Soc.,,A 138, pp. 41–48, 1932 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1932.0169
Walther, The evaluation of viscosity data. Erdol und Teer ,V.7, pp.382–384, 1931
Oil-Power Ltd, ViscCalc 2, available at http://www.oil-power.com/
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.