Convective Heat Transfer of Al2O3 and CuO Nanofluids Using Various Mixtures of Water-Ethylene Glycol as Base Fluids
Abstract
In this work, a numerical study has been performed on the convective heat transfer of Al2O3/Water-Ethylene Glycol (EG) and CuO/(W-EG) nanofluids flowing through a circular tube with circumferentially non-uniform heating (constant heat flux) under the laminar flow condition. We focus on the study of the effect of EG-water mixtures as base fluids with mass concentration ranging from 0% up to 100% ethylene glycol on forced convection. The effect on the flow and the convective heat transfer behavior of nanoparticle types, their volume fractions (φ=1-5%) and Reynolds number are also investigated. The results obtained show that the highest values of the average heat transfer coefficient is observed between 40% and 50% of EG concentration. The average Nusselt number increases with the increase in EG concentration in the base fluid, and the increase in the Reynolds number and volume fraction. For concentrations of EG above 60%, and for all volume fractions, the increase of thermal performance of nanofluids became inversely proportional to the increase of Reynolds number. In addition, CuO/(W-EG) nanofluids show the best thermal performance compared with Al2O3/ (W-EG) nanofluids.
Keywords:
enhanced heat transfer, nanofluids, numerical study, concentration, performance indexDownloads
References
S. Allahyari, A. Behzadmehr, S. M. Hosseini Sarvari, “Conjugate heat transfer of laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid through a horizontal tube with circumferentially non-uniform heating”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 50, pp. 1963-972, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.03.025
S. U. S. Choi, “Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles”, International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, New York, 1995
Y. Xuan, Q. Li, “Heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids”, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 21, pp. 58-64, 2000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-727X(99)00067-3
S. Zeinali Heris, S. G. Etemad, M. Nasr Esfahany, “Experimental investigation of oxide nanofluids laminar flow convective heat transfer”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 529–535, 2006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2006.01.005
E. Ahmed, H. A. Mohammed, M. Z. Yusoff, “Heat transfer enhancement of laminar nanofluids flow in a triangular duct using vortex generator”, Superlattices and Microstructures, Vol. 52, pp. 398–415, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2012.05.023
W. Yu, H. Xie, Y. Li, L. Chen, Q. Wang, “Experimental investigation on the heat transfer properties of Al2O3 nanofluids using the mixture of ethylene glycol and water as base fluid”, Powder Technology, Vol. 230, pp. 14–19, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.06.016
R. Strandberg, D. K. Das, “Finned tube performance evaluation with nanofluids and conventional heat transfer fluids”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 49, pp. 580–588, 2010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2009.08.008
R. S. Vajjha, D. K. Das, “Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of three nanofluids and development of new correlations”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 52, pp. 4675–4682, 2009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.06.027
R. S. Vajjha, D. K. Das, B. M. Mahagaonkar, “Density Measurement of Different Nanofluids and Their Comparison with Theory”, Petroleum Science and Technology, Vol. 27, pp. 612–624, 2009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10916460701857714
V. Kumaresan, R. Velraj, “Experimental investigation of the thermo-physical properties of water-ethylene glycol mixture based CNT nanofluids”, Thermochimica Acta, Vol.545, pp. 180– 186, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2012.07.017
L. S. Sundar, M. K. Singh, E. V. Ramana, B. Singh, J. Gracio, A. C. M. Sousa, “Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Nanodiamond-Nickel Nanocomposite Nanofluids”, Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Art. No. 4039, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04039
R. S. Vajjha, D. K. Das, “Specific Heat Measurement of Three Nanofluids and Development of New Correlations”, Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 131, No. 7, Art. No. 071601, 2009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3090813
R. S. Vajjha, D. K. Das, D. P. Kulkarni, “Development of new correlations for convective heat transfer and friction factor in turbulent regime for nanofluids”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, pp. 4607–4618, 2010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.06.032
M. S. Mojarrad, A. Keshavarz, M. Ziabasharhagh, M. Mehdi, “Experimental investigation on heat transfer enhancement of alumina/ water and alumina/water–ethylene glycol nanofluids in thermally developing laminar flow”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 53, pp. 111–118, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2013.11.015
M. M. Sarafraz, F. Hormozi, “Intensification of forced convection heat transfer using biological nanofluid in a double-pipe heat exchanger”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 66, pp. 279–289, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.03.028
B. A. Bhanvase, M. R. Sarode, L. A. Putterwar, K. A. Abdullah, M. P. Deosarkar, S. H. Sonawane, “Intensification of convective heat transfer in water/ethylene glycol based nanofluids containing TiO2 nanoparticles”, Chemical Engineering and Processing, Vol. 82, pp. 123–131, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2014.06.009
V. Kumaresan, R. Velraj, S. K. Das, “Convective heat transfer characteristics of secondary refrigerant based CNT nanofluids in a tubular heat exchanger”, International Journal of Refrigeration, Vol. 35, pp. 2287-2296, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.08.009
V. Kumaresan, S. Mohaideen Abdul Khader, S. Karthikeyan, R. Velraj, “Convective heat transfer characteristics of CNT nanofluids in a tubular heat exchanger of various lengths for energy efficient cooling/heating system”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 60, pp. 413–421, 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.01.021
E. Abu-Nada, A. J. Chamkha, “Effect of nanofluid variable properties on natural convection in enclosures filled with a CuO-EG-Water nanofluid”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 49, pp. 2339-2352, 2010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2010.07.006
B. C. Pak, Y. I. Cho, “Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles”, Experimental Heat Transfer, Vol. 11, pp. 151-170, 1998 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08916159808946559
Y. Xuana, W. Roetzel, “Conceptions for heat transfer correlation of nanofluids”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 43, pp. 3701-3707, 2000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00369-5
H. A. Mohammed, A. N. Al-Shamani, J. M. Sheriff, “Thermal and hydraulic characteristics of turbulent nanofluids flow in a rib–groove channel”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 39, pp. 1584–1594, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2012.10.020
R. S. Vajjha, D. K. Das, “A review and analysis on influence of temperature and concentration of nanofluids on thermophysical properties, heat transfer and pumping power”, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 55, pp. 4063–4078, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.03.048
E. Esmaeilzadeh, H. Almohammadi, S. Nasiri Vatan, A. N. Omrani “Experimental investigation of hydrodynamics and heat transfer characteristics of γ-Al2O3/water under laminar flow inside a horizontal tube”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 63, pp. 361–37, 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.07.001
S. Suresh, K. P. Venkitaraj, P. Selvakumar, M. Chandrasekar, “Effect of Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid in heat transfer”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol. 38, pp. 54–60, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2011.11.007
P. Razi, M. A. Akhavan-Behabadi, M. Saeedinia, “Pressure drop and thermal characteristics of CuO–base oil nanofluid laminar flow in flattened tubes under constant heat flux”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 38, pp. 964–971, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.04.010
F. P. Incropera, D. P. De Witt, T. Bergman, A. Lavine, Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, Wiley, 2006
A. Bejan, A. D. Kraus, Heat Transfer Handbook, John Wiley & Sons, 2003
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
