Optimal Design and Analysis of a Mixed Airfoil Blade for Small-Scale HAWTs

Authors

  • Geneti Temesgen Terefa Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation, Nairobi, Kenya
  • Jackson Githu Njiri Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya
  • Patrick Irungu Muiruri Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Juja, Kenya
  • Chala Merga Abdissa School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Volume: 15 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 22538-22547 | June 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.10275

Received: 17 January 2025 | Revised: 11 February 2025 | Accepted: 22 February 2025 | Online: 28 March 2025


Corresponding author: Geneti Temesgen Terefa

Abstract

This study investigates the optimum aerodynamic performance of small-scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) utilizing a mixed-airfoil blade design. The QBlade software was employed for the selection of the best performing airfoils based on the lift-to-drag ratio and a range of operational performance. Additionally, the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory was deployed for the analysis of the blade's design and performance. Finally, in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the SST k-ω turbulent model was also applied for better analysis. The key findings demonstrated that the optimal airfoils including SG6040 (root), NACA 4711 (middle), and SG6043 (tip), were chosen based on their superior lift-to-drag ratio and structural integrity. Furthermore, the designed mixed-airfoil blade achieved power coefficients of 0.454 (BEM), 0.432 (QBlade), and 0.395 (CFD) at a Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) of 5.5, which are greater than the conventional single-airfoil designs. It was concluded that mixed-airfoil configurations significantly enhance the aerodynamic efficiency of small scale wind turbines, and that future research on structural analysis and torque control mechanism integration is essential to further optimize performance and energy capture.

Keywords:

wind energy, small-scale HAWTs, airfoils, Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory, CFD

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How to Cite

[1]
Terefa, G.T., Njiri, J.G., Muiruri, P.I. and Abdissa, C.M. 2025. Optimal Design and Analysis of a Mixed Airfoil Blade for Small-Scale HAWTs. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 15, 3 (Jun. 2025), 22538–22547. DOI:https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.10275.

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