Agitation Depth and Reinforcement Treatment on Tribology Characteristics of Aluminium particulated Composite under the Stir Casting Method

Authors

  • Fahmi Imanullah Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Hammar Ilham Akbar Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Eko Surojo Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Dody Ariawan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Ganjar Pramudi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
Volume: 15 | Issue: 3 | Pages: 22411-22417 | June 2025 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.10171

Received: 9 January 2025 | Revised: 7 February 2025 | Accepted: 22 February 2025 | Online: 4 June 2025


Corresponding author: Hammar Ilham Akbar

Abstract

The stir casting process involves several key parameters, including agitation speed, agitation time, holding time, stirrer size and dimension, stirring position, and particle treatment. This study evaluates the effect of stirring depth and surface particle modification on the hardness and tribological properties of Al6061-Al2O3 composites. These composites were manufactured using the current method at a temperature of 720 oC, with an agitation speed of 600 rpm for 10 minutes. The reinforcement consisted of 6%wt Al2O3 particle, while 2.5%wt Mg was added as a wetting agent. The results indicate that the optimum stirrer depth was 30% of the molten metal height, leading to enhanced hardness (66.5 HBN ) and reduced specific wear rate (1.17x10-4 mm3/Nm). Additionally, the electroless coating treatment at a stirrer depth of 30% improved wettability, further increasing hardness, and lowered the specific wear rate (70.2 HBN and 1.10x10-4 mm3/Nm). These findings highlight the importance of stirrer depth optimization and surface modification techniques in enhancing the mechanical and tribological performance of Al6061-Al2O3 composites.

Keywords:

stir casting, composite, aluminium, tribology properties, agitation

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

B. Chandra Kandpal, J. Kumar, and H. Singh, "Manufacturing and technological challenges in Stir casting of metal matrix composites– A Review," in International Conference on Processing of Materials, Minerals and Energy, Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India, Jan. 2018, vol. 5, pp. 5–10.

V. Bharath, M. Nagaral, V. Auradi, and S. A. Kori, "Preparation of 6061Al-Al2O3 MMC’s by Stir Casting and Evaluation of Mechanical and Wear Properties," in 3rd International Conference on Materials Processing and Characterisation (ICMPC 2014), Hyderabad, India, Jan. 2014, vol. 6, pp. 1658–1667.

M. D. Kiran, H. K. Govindaraju, and T. Jayaraju, "Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Polymer Composites with Alumina, Titanium dioxide and Silicon Carbide Fillers," in International Conference on Advances in Science & Engineering ICASE -2017, Lisbon, Portugal, Jan. 2018, vol. 5, pp. 22355–22361.

Md. T. Alam and A. H. Ansari, "Ceramic Materials and Stir Cast Aluminium Matrix Composites: A Literature Review," International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 14148–14160, Jul. 2017.

M. O. Bodunrin, K. K. Alaneme, and L. H. Chown, "Aluminium matrix hybrid composites: a review of reinforcement philosophies; mechanical, corrosion and tribological characteristics," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 434–445, Oct. 2015.

L. Singh, S. Sehgal, and K. S. Kuldeep, "Behaviour of Al2O3 in aluminium matrix composites: An overview," in 3rd International Conference on Design and Manufacturing Aspects for Sustainable Energy (ICMED-ICMPC 2021), 2021, vol. 309, Art. no. 01028.

B. C. Kandpal, J. kumar, and H. Singh, "Fabrication and characterisation of Al2O3/aluminium alloy 6061 composites fabricated by Stir casting," in 5th International Conference of Materials Processing and Characterization (ICMPC 2016), Hyderabad, India, Jan. 2017, vol. 4, pp. 2783–2792.

K. Wang, W. Li, J. Du, P. Tang, and J. Chen, "Preparation, thermal analysis and mechanical properties of in-situ Al2O3/SiO2(p)/Al composites fabricated by using zircon tailing sand," Materials & Design, vol. 99, pp. 303–313, Jun. 2016.

A. Arifin and J. Junaidi, "Pengaruh Parameter Stir Casting Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Alumunium Matrix Composite (AMC)," Flywheel : Jurnal Teknik Mesin Untirta, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 21–31, Apr. 2017.

M. Saravana Kumar, S. R. Begum, and M. Vasumathi, "Influence of stir casting parameters on particle distribution in metal matrix composites using stir casting process," Materials Research Express, vol. 6, no. 10, Jun. 2019, Art. no. 1065d4.

G. Özcan-Taşkin and H. Wei, "The effect of impeller-to-tank diameter ratio on draw down of solids," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2011–2022, May 2003.

K. Vishnu Prasad and K. R. Jayadevan, "Simulation of Stirring in Stir Casting," in International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICETEST - 2015), Trissur, India, Jan. 2016, vol. 24, pp. 356–363.

A. Sankhla and K. M. and Patel, "Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by Stir Casting Process–A Review," Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1270–1291, Apr. 2022.

Y. Kim, J.-H. Jeong, and J.-C. Lee, "The Interfacial Reaction Products and Mechanical Properties with Oxidized Layer Thickness of SiC Particle in 2014Al/SiC Composites," MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL), vol. 654, Jan. 2000, Art. no. AA3.16.1.

F. Kretz, Z. Gácsi, J. Kovács, and T. Pieczonka, "The electroless deposition of nickel on SiC particles for aluminum matrix composites," Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 180–181, pp. 575–579, Mar. 2004.

H. Q. Gao, L. D. Wang, and W. D. Fei, "Electroless plating copper coating of Al18B4O33 whisker for interface improvement of whisker reinforced aluminium matrix composite," Materials Science and Technology, vol. 23, no. 12, Dec. 2007.

A. Zulfia and A. I. Adyatma, "Electroless Plating of Al2O3 Particles Reinforced Composites," Advanced Materials Research, vol. 789, pp. 66–71, Sep. 2013.

B. Bihari and A. K. Singh, "An Overview on Different Processing Parameters in Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite Fabricated by Stir Casting Process," International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 42–48, Jan. 2017.

A. Zulfia, D. Ramdaniawati, and D. Dhaneswara, "The Role of Al2O3 Nanoparticles Addition on Characteristic of Al6061 Composite Produced by Stir Casting Process," International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 39–47, Jun. 2018.

G. Tosun and M. Kurt, "The porosity, microstructure, and hardness of Al-Mg composites reinforced with micro particle SiC/Al2O3 produced using powder metallurgy," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 174, Oct. 2019, Art. no. 106965.

J. Hashim, L. Looney, and M. S. J. Hashmi, "Metal matrix composites: production by the stir casting method," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 92–93, pp. 1–7, Aug. 1999.

K. Hemalatha, V. S. K. Venkatachalapathy, and N. Alagumurthy, "Processing and Synthesis of Metal Matrix Al 6063/Al2o3 Metal Matrix Composite by Stir Casting Process," International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1390–1394, 2013.

B. R. Mithun, M. Nagaral, V. Auradi, and V. Bharath, "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Coated Al2O3 Particulate Reinforced 6061 Al Metal Matrix Composite," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 11015–11022, Jan. 2017.

J. R. Gomes, A. Ramalho, M. C. Gaspar, and S. F. Carvalho, "Reciprocating wear tests of Al–Si/SiCp composites: A study of the effect of stroke length," Wear, vol. 259, no. 1, pp. 545–552, Jul. 2005.

G. B. Veeresh Kumar, C. S. P. Rao, and N. Selvaraj, "Studies on mechanical and dry sliding wear of Al6061–SiC composites," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 1185–1191, Apr. 2012.

M. Eriksson and S. Jacobson, "Tribological surfaces of organic brake pads," Tribology International, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 817–827, Dec. 2000.

A. Ugur, H. Gokkaya, G. Sur, and N. Eltugral, "Friction Coefficient and Compression Behavior of Particle Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 3782–3785, Feb. 2019.

A. Mandal, M. Chakraborty, and B. S. Murty, "Effect of TiB2 particles on sliding wear behaviour of Al–4Cu alloy," Wear, vol. 262, no. 1, pp. 160–166, Jan. 2007.

J. Singh and A. Chauhan, "Overview of wear performance of aluminium matrix composites reinforced with ceramic materials under the influence of controllable variables," Ceramics International, vol. 42, no. 1, Part A, pp. 56–81, Jan. 2016.

Downloads

How to Cite

[1]
Imanullah, F., Ilham Akbar, H., Surojo, E., Ariawan, D. and Pramudi, G. 2025. Agitation Depth and Reinforcement Treatment on Tribology Characteristics of Aluminium particulated Composite under the Stir Casting Method. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 15, 3 (Jun. 2025), 22411–22417. DOI:https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.10171.

Metrics

Abstract Views: 16
PDF Downloads: 31

Metrics Information

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Fahmi Imanullah, Hammar Ilham Akbar, Eko Surojo, Dody Ariawan, Ganjar Pramudi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.