Selected Fresh and Hardened Self Compacting Concrete Incorporating PP Macro Fibers, Crushed Brick Aggregate, and Fly Ash
Received: 29 December 2024 | Revised: 5 March 2025 | Accepted: 22 March 2025 | Online: 3 April 2024
Corresponding author: Muhammad Sofyan
Abstract
The increasing demand for high-performance concrete that can flow and compact itself without the aid of mechanical compaction has driven the development of more efficient and sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). The novelty of this study lies in the comprehensive evaluation of SCC incorporating a unique combination of Crushed Brick Aggregate (CBA), Polypropylene (PP) macro fibers, and varying Fly Ash (FA) content, which has not been extensively explored in previous studies. Unlike conventional SCC studies, this work systematically investigated the influence of different FA replacement levels on both the fresh and mechanical properties of an SCC mix containing CBA, a material known for its high water absorption and lower strength compared to natural aggregates. The findings provide critical insights into optimizing FA content to enhance SCC workability while mitigating the potential strength reduction associated with excessive cement substitution and CBA’s physical characteristics. The results show that the addition of FA increased the slump flow, decreased the V-funnel flow time, and increased the L-box blocking ratio, with the best results having been achieved with 30% and 40% FA content. In addition, at 20% FA content, there was a significant increase in compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus compared to the control sample without FA. This study demonstrates that FA at a content of 20% yielded the best results in improving SCC performance both in fresh and hardened conditions, whereas a higher FA content decreases the mechanical properties of concrete.
Keywords:
self-compacting concrete, polypropylene macro fiber, crushed brick aggregate, fly ash, workability, mechanical strengthDownloads
References
N. Sebaibi, M. Benzerzour, Y. Sebaibi, and N.-E. Abriak, "Composition of self compacting concrete (SCC) using the compressible packing model, the Chinese method and the European standard," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 43, pp. 382–388, Jun. 2013.
P. Dinakar and S. N. Manu, "Concrete mix design for high strength self-compacting concrete using metakaolin," Materials & Design, vol. 60, pp. 661–668, Aug. 2014.
R. Abousnina et al., "Mechanical Properties of Macro Polypropylene Fibre-Reinforced Concrete," Polymers, vol. 13, no. 23, Jan. 2021, Art. no. 4112.
M. Alharthai, T. Ali, M. Z. Qureshi, and H. Ahmed, "The enhancement of engineering characteristics in recycled aggregates concrete combined effect of fly ash, silica fume and PP fiber," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 95, pp. 363–375, May 2024.
M. Sofyan, H. Parung, M. W. Tjaronge, and A. A. Amiruddin, "A Study on the Bond Characteristics of Steel Bars in Concrete Containing Polypropylene (PP) Plastic Particles as Fine Aggregate," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 16989–16997, Oct. 2024.
A. Tareq Noaman, G. Subhi Jameel, and S. K. Ahmed, "Producing of workable structural lightweight concrete by partial replacement of aggregate with yellow and/or red crushed clay brick (CCB) aggregate," Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 240–247, May 2021.
S. M. Ali and H. K. Awad, "The Effect of Hybrid Fibers on Some Properties of Structural Lightweight Self-Compacting Concrete by using LECA as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 15002–15007, Aug. 2024.
A. Alrawashdeh and O. Eren, "Mechanical and physical characterisation of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete: Different aspect ratios and volume fractions of fibres," Results in Engineering, vol. 13, Mar. 2022, Art. no. 100335.
D. Akhmetov et al., "Effect of low-modulus polypropylene fiber on physical and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete," Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 16, no. September 2021, Jun. 2022, Art. no. e00814.
M. A. Memon, N. A. Memon, A. H. Memon, R. Bhanbhro, and M. H. Lashari, "Flow Assessment of Self-Compacted Concrete incorporating Fly Ash," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 5392–5395, Apr. 2020.
S. C. Gnanaraj, R. B. Chokkalingam, G. L. Thankam, and S. K. M. Pothinathan, "Durability properties of self-compacting concrete developed with fly ash and ultra fine natural steatite powder," Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 13, pp. 431–439, Jul. 2021.
A. M. Mohammed, D. S. Asaad, and A. I. Al-Hadithi, "Experimental and statistical evaluation of rheological properties of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag," Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 388–397, Sep. 2022.
SNI 7064:2014 Semen Portland Komposit. Badan Standar Nasional Indonesia, 2014.
ASTM C618-22Q: Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2023.
ASTM C33/C33M-18 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2018.
N. Su, K.-C. Hsu, and H.-W. Chai, "A simple mix design method for self-compacting concrete," Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1799–1807, Dec. 2001.
The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete. EFNARC, 2005.
ASTM C39/C39M-21: Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2021.
ASTM C78-09: Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading). West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2009.
ASTM C469-02: Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression. West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International, 2002.
P. Promsawat, B. Chatveera, G. Sua-iam, and N. Makul, "Properties of self-compacting concrete prepared with ternary Portland cement-high volume fly ash-calcium carbonate blends," Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 13, Dec. 2020, Art. no. e00426.
K. Turk, M. Karatas, and T. Gonen, "Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on compressive strength, sorptivity and carbonation of SCC," KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 202–209, Jan. 2013.
S. K. Sharma, "Properties of SCC containing pozzolans, Wollastonite micro fiber, and recycled aggregates," Heliyon, vol. 5, no. 8, Aug. 2019, Art. no. e02081.
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Sofyan, Endah Lestari, Aswar Amiruddin, Irma Wirantina Kustanrika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
