RAZA, Asif; MUSA, Shahrulniza; KHALID, Ahmad Shahrafidz; ALAM, Muhammad Mansoor; SU’UD, Mazliham Mohd; NOOR, Fouzia. Multiclass Diabetic Retinopathy: Hybrid Metaheuristic Particle Swarm Optimization and Classification for Severity Grading and Feature Extraction. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Greece, v. 15, n. 6, p. 30317–30323, 2025. DOI: 10.48084/etasr.11147. Disponível em: https://etasr.com/index.php/ETASR/article/view/11147. Acesso em: 24 jun. 2026.