A Hybrid Intelligent Controller for Extended-Range Electric Vehicles
Received: 30 January 2024 | Revised: 13 February 2024 | Accepted: 14 February 2024 | Online: 24 February 2024
Corresponding author: Nagalingam Rajeswaran
Abstract
A smart battery electric vehicle control framework is proposed in this paper. The specific controller empowers ceaseless observation and management of the battery's state with the scope of extending the vehicle's driving range under varying temperature and driving pattern conditions. The proposed method utilizes an incorporated scheme for dealing with a crossover energy stockpiling framework to expand a battery's lifespan while further ensuring its smooth activity.
Keywords:
electic vehicle, automation, battery, energy storage system, hybrid electric vehicle controllerDownloads
References
R. R. Kumar and K. Alok, "Adoption of electric vehicle: A literature review and prospects for sustainability," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 253, Apr. 2020, Art. no. 119911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119911
M. E. Bendib and A. Mekias, "Solar Panel and Wireless Power Transmission System as a Smart Grid for Electric Vehicles," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 5683–5688, Jun. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3473
F. Orecchini, A. Santiangeli, and F. Zuccari, "Hybrid-electric system truth test: Energy analysis of Toyota Prius IV in real urban drive conditions," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 37, Feb. 2020, Art. no. 100573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2019.100573
S. Rhode, S. Van Vaerenbergh, and M. Pfriem, "Power prediction for electric vehicles using online machine learning," Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 87, Jan. 2020, Art. no. 103278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2019.103278
Y. Tian, H. Yang, W. Mo, S. Zhou, N. Zhang, and P. D. Walker, "Optimal coordinating gearshift control of a two-speed transmission for battery electric vehicles," Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 136, Feb. 2020, Art. no. 106521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.106521
J. Zhu and I. Tasic, "Safety analysis of freeway on-ramp merging with the presence of autonomous vehicles," Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 152, Mar. 2021, Art. no. 105966. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105966
J. Zhao, T. Qu, and F. Xu, "A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Autonomous Highway Driving," IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 542–546, Jan. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.04.142
C. Lu, J. Dong, A. Houchin, and C. Liu, "Incorporating the standstill distance and time headway distributions into freeway car-following models and an application to estimating freeway travel time reliability," Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 21–40, Jan. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2019.1683450
Q. Wang, X. Yang, Z. Huang, and Y. Yuan, "Multi-Vehicle Trajectory Design During Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Platoon Formation," Transportation Research Record, vol. 2674, no. 4, pp. 30–41, Apr. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120913290
D.-Q. Nguyen, L. D. Hai, D. B. Minh, and V. D. Quoc, "Analysis of Electromagnetic Parameters of Hybrid Externally Excited Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicle Applications," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 10670–10674, Jun. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5824
H. Cheng, Z. Shang, Y. Guo, C. Kang, W. Zeng "System Dynamics Analysis of Vehicle-Grid Interaction Process", Power Grid Technologies, vol. 45, pp. 4125–4133, 2021.
G. Yuan, W. Su "Research on Virtual Power Plants Participating in AGC Frequency Regulation Service Considering the Uncertainty of Electric Vehicles", Power Grid Technologies, vol. 44, pp. 2538–2548, 2020.
W. Shi, L. Lu, H. Gao, H. Li, Y. Liu, J. Liu "Economic Dispatch of Active Distribution Grids Considering Demand Response and Participation of Electric Vehicles" Automation of Electric Power Systems, vol. 44, pp. 41–51, 2020.
Y. Yang et al., "Research on the energy management strategy of extended range electric vehicles based on a hybrid energy storage system," Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 6602–6623, Nov. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.05.013
N. T. Diep and N. K. Trung, "Transmitting Side Power Control for Dynamic Wireless Charging System of Electric Vehicles," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 9042–9047, Aug. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4988
C. Heilmann and G. Friedl, "Factors influencing the economic success of grid-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-grid applications—A review and meta-analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 145, Jul. 2021, Art. no. 111115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111115
M. Inci, M. M. Savrun, and O. Celik, "Integrating electric vehicles as virtual power plants: A comprehensive review on vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concepts, interface topologies, marketing and future prospects," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 55, Nov. 2022, Art. no. 105579. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105579
B. Bibak and H. Tekiner-Mogulkoc, "A comprehensive analysis of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) systems and scholarly literature on the application of such systems," Renewable Energy Focus, vol. 36, pp. 1–20, Mar. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2020.10.001
S. R. Salkuti, "Energy Storage and Electric Vehicles: Technology, Operation, Challenges, and Cost-Benefit Analysis," International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 40–45, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120406
Development Trend and Policy System of V2G Interaction. Energy Research Institute of National Development and Reform Commission. Natural Resources Defense Council: Beijing, China, 2021.
Y. Zhang, W. Han, C. Song, and S. Yang, "Joint planning and operation optimization of photovoltaic-storage- charging integrated station containing electric vehicles," Energy Storage Science and Technology, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1502–1511, May 2022.
A. Khadhraoui, T. Selmi, and A. Cherif, "Energy Management of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 8916–8921, Aug. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5058
Y. Wei et al., "A Comprehensive Study of Degradation Characteristics and Mechanisms of Commercial Li(NiMnCo)O2 EV Batteries under Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) Services," Batteries, vol. 8, no. 10, Oct. 2022, Art. no. 188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100188
F. Ahmad, A. Iqbal, I. Ashraf, M. Marzband, and I. khan, "Optimal location of electric vehicle charging station and its impact on distribution network: A review," Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 2314–2333, Nov. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.180
L. M. Caro, G. Ramos, K. Rauma, D. F. C. Rodriguez, D. M. Martinez, and C. Rehtanz, "State of Charge Influence on the Harmonic Distortion From Electric Vehicle Charging," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 2077–2088, Jun. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2021.3057350
P. Pradhan, I. Ahmad, D. Habibi, G. Kothapalli, and M. A. S. Masoum, "Reducing the Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging on Power Distribution Transformers," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 210183–210193, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3040056
C. Garcia Veloso, K. Rauma, J. F. Orjuela, and C. Rehtanz, "Real-time agent-based control of plug-in electric vehicles for voltage and thermal management of LV networks: formulation and HIL validation," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 2169–2180, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6547
S. Farhani, E. M. Barhoumi, and F. Bacha, "Design and hardware investigation of a new configuration of an isolated DC-DC converter for fuel cell vehicle," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 591–598, Mar. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.07.014
F. Slah, A. Mansour, A. Abdelkarim, and F. Bacha, "Analysis and Design of an LC Parallel-Resonant DC–DC Converter for a Fuel Cell Used in an Electrical Vehicle," Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 27, no. 08, Jul. 2018, Art. no. 1850119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218126618501190
S. Farhani, A. N’Diaye, A. Djerdir, and F. Bacha, "Design and practical study of three phase interleaved boost converter for fuel cell electric vehicle," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 479, Dec. 2020, Art. no. 228815. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228815
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Jayakumar Jayaraj, Dakka Obulesu, Hemaprabha Govindaraj, Francisxavier Thomas Josh, Nagalingam Rajeswaran, Chilakala Rami Reddy, Abdullah S. Alqarni, Abdullah Alwabli, Saeed Faisal Malky
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.