An Experimental Study on the Effect of Plastic Waste Powder on the Strength Parameters of Tuff and Bentonite Soils Treated with Cement
Received: 18 December 2022 | Revised: 9 January 2023 | Accepted: 17 January 2023 | Online: 2 April 2023
Corresponding author: Benamar Balegh
Abstract
This experimental study investigated the effect of plastic waste powder on the strength and swelling behavior of tuff and bentonite soils treated by cement since the plastic powder is highly compressible and does not absorb much water. This study aimed to improve the tuff and bentonite soils used in construction by adding plastic waste powder in various ratios (5, 10, 20, and 25%) and a low cement content (2.5%). Atterberg limit, swelling consolidation, and loading-unloading tests were performed to determine the optimal composition of the mixture. The results demonstrated that as the plastic powder content increases, the liquid limits, swelling pressure, swelling potentials, and duration to swelling peak decrease. This reduction is particularly notable for the soil with the highest swelling potential. Compression and recompression indices increase significantly with the content of plastic powder due to its high compressibility. The findings suggest that plastic powder with low cement can be utilized as a soil modification reinforcement material, but with a content that shouldn't significantly alter the compressibility of the mixture.
Keywords:
tuff, bentonite, plastic powder, cement, compressibility, swelling behaviorDownloads
References
C. Zhang, J. Yang, X. Ou, J. Fu, Y. Xie, and X. Liang, "Clay dosage and water/cement ratio of clay-cement grout for optimal engineering performance," Applied Clay Science, vol. 163, pp. 312–318, Oct. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2018.07.035
H. Sellaf, H. Trouzine, M. Hamhami, and A. Asroun, "Geotechnical Properties of Rubber Tires and Sediments Mixtures," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 618–624, Apr. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.424
L. S. Wong, S. Mousavi, S. Sobhani, S. Y. Kong, A. H. Birima, and N. I. Mohd Pauzi, "Comparative measurement of compaction impact of clay stabilized with cement, peat ash and silica sand," Measurement, vol. 94, pp. 498–504, Dec. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2016.08.029
N. S. Ikhlef, M. S. Ghembaza, and M. Dadouch, "Effect of Cement and Compaction on the Physicochemical Behavior of a Material in the Region of Sidi Bel Abbes," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 677–680, Aug. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.467
A. H. Vakili, J. Ghasemi, M. R. bin Selamat, M. Salimi, and M. S. Farhadi, "Internal erosional behaviour of dispersive clay stabilized with lignosulfonate and reinforced with polypropylene fiber," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 193, pp. 405–415, Dec. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.10.213
Y. Tan, X. Xu, H. Ming, and D. Sun, "Analysis of double-layered buffer in high-level waste repository," Annals of Nuclear Energy, vol. 165, Jan. 2022, Art. no. 108660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anucene.2021.108660
F. Zhang, R. Kong, and J. Peng, "Effects of heating on compositional, structural, and physicochemical properties of loess under laboratory conditions," Applied Clay Science, vol. 152, pp. 259–266, Feb. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.022
Z. Zhang, T. Ren, J. Cheng, and X. Jin, "The improved model of inter-particle breakage considering the transformation of particle shape for cone crusher," Minerals Engineering, vol. 112, pp. 11–18, Oct. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2017.06.025
S. Dhar and M. Hussain, "The strength behaviour of lime-stabilised plastic fibre-reinforced clayey soil," Road Materials and Pavement Design, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1757–1778, Nov. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2018.1468803
S. Ergul, G. Sappa, D. Magaldi, P. Pisciella, and M. Pelino, "Microstructural and phase transformations during sintering of a phillipsite rich zeolitic tuff," Ceramics International, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 1843–1850, Aug. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.03.048
A. K. K. Soe, M. Osada, M. Takahashi, and T. Sasaki, "Characterization of drying-induced deformation behaviour of Opalinus Clay and tuff in no-stress regime," Environmental Geology, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 1215–1225, Sep. 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1616-2
N. Mohammedi, F. Zoukrami, and N. Haddaoui, "Preparation of Polypropylene/Bentonite Composites of Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties using L-leucine and Stearic Acid as Coupling Agents," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 7207–7216, Jun. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4148
"The World Bank Annual Report 2018," Washington, DC, USA, 130320, Aug. 2018.
United Nations Sustainable Development Summit, New York, NY, USA, Sep. 2015.
H. J. A. Hassan, J. Rasul, and M. Samin, "Effects of Plastic Waste Materials on Geotechnical Properties of Clayey Soil," Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 390–413, Sep. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-020-00145-4
A. J. Olarewaju, "Densification characteristics of lateritic soil stabilized with plastic pellets," International Journal of Applied Research, vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 300–305, 2016.
A. J. Olarewaju, "Geotehnical Properties of Plastic Stabilized Lateritic Soil," American Journal of Engineering Research, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 150–156, 2016.
A. K. Choudhary, J. N. Jha, and K. S. Gill, "A Study on CBR Behavior of Waste Plastic Strip Reinforced Soil," Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 51–57, 2010.
M. N. J. Alzaidy, "Experimental study for stabilizing clayey soil with eggshell powder and plastic wastes," IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 518, no. 2, Feb. 2019, Art. no. 022008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/518/2/022008
R. Chauhan and A. Kumar, "A review of utilization of cut waste plastic and crushed waste glass in soil stabilisation," Discovery, vol. 41, no. 186, pp. 15–19, 2015.
S. Peddaiah, A. Burman, and S. Sreedeep, "Experimental Study on Effect of Waste Plastic Bottle Strips in Soil Improvement," Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 2907–2920, Oct. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0512-0
"How plastics are made," Plastics Europe. https://plasticseurope.org/plastics-explained/how-plastics-are-made/.
S. Amena, "Experimental study on the effect of plastic waste strips and waste brick powder on strength parameters of expansive soils," Heliyon, vol. 7, no. 11, Nov. 2021, Art. no. e08278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08278
A. Casagrande, "Research on the Atterberg limits of soils," Public Roads, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 121–136, 1932.
A. Casagrande, "Notes on the Design of the Liquid Limit Device," Géotechnique, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 84–91, Jun. 1958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1958.8.2.84
S. K. Haigh, "Corrigendum: Mechanics of the Casagrande liquid limit test," Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 1116–1116, Sep. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t2012-081
B. R. Phanikumar and E. Ramanjaneya Raju, "Compaction and strength characteristics of an expansive clay stabilised with lime sludge and cement," Soils and Foundations, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 129–138, Feb. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2020.01.007
G. L. S. Babu and S. K. Chouksey, "Stress–strain response of plastic waste mixed soil," Waste Management, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 481–488, Mar. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.09.018
D. A. I. Dhatrak, S. D. Konmare, and D. S. P. Tatewar, "Performance of Randomly Oriented Plastic Waste in Flexible Pavement," International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 20529–20537, Dec. 2016.
E. Romero, M. V. Villar, and A. Lloret, "Thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of two heavily overconsolidated clays," Engineering Geology, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 255–268, Nov. 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2005.06.011
A. Lloret, M. V. Villar, M. Sánchez, A. Gens, X. Pintado, and E. E. Alonso, "Mechanical behaviour of heavily compacted bentonite under high suction changes," Géotechnique, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 27–40, Feb. 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2003.53.1.27
M. Bekhiti, H. Trouzine, and M. Rabehi, "Influence of waste tire rubber fibers on swelling behavior, unconfined compressive strength and ductility of cement stabilized bentonite clay soil," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 208, pp. 304–313, May 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.011
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Hamid Sellaf, Benamar Balegh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
