R-SOR: Ranked Social-based Routing Protocol in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks

Authors

  • M. Alrfaay Common First Year Deanship, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
  • A. K. Ali Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
  • S. Chaoui College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
  • H. Lenando Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
  • S. Alanazi College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
Volume: 12 | Issue: 1 | Pages: 7998-8006 | February 2022 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4612

Abstract

Exploiting social information to improve routing performance is an increasing trend in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks (OMSNs). Selecting the next message’s relay node based on the user’s social behavior is a critical factor in attaining a high delivery rate. So, to ascertain the most efficient selection of the next relay, the correlation between daily social activities and the social characteristics in the user profiles can be exploited. In this paper, we consider the impact of the social characteristics on mobile user activities during certain periods of the day and then rank these characteristics based on their relative importance in order to be included in the routing protocol. These processes consolidate the proposed Ranked Social-based Routing (R-SOR) protocol to provide an effective way for data dissemination in OMSN. We use the real data set INFOCOM06 to evaluate the proposed protocol. The experimental results show that the proposed protocol has higher routing efficiency than flooding-based protocols such as Epsoc and Epidemic, prediction-based protocols such as PRoPHET, and social-based protocols such as MSM and Bubble Rap.

Keywords:

opportunistic networks, mobile social networks, data dissemination, social-based routing

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

N. Vastardis and K. Yang, "Mobile Social Networks: Architectures, Social Properties, and Key Research Challenges," IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1355–1371, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2012.060912.00108

F. Xia, L. Liu, J. Li, J. Ma, and A. V. Vasilakos, "Socially Aware Networking: A Survey," IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 904–921, Sep. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2013.2281262

X. Hu, T. H. S. Chu, V. C. M. Leung, E. C.-H. Ngai, P. Kruchten, and H. C. B. Chan, "A Survey on Mobile Social Networks: Applications, Platforms, System Architectures, and Future Research Directions," IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1557–1581, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2014.2371813

N. Masinde and K. Graffi, "Peer-to-Peer-Based Social Networks: A Comprehensive Survey," SN Computer Science, vol. 1, no. 5, Sep. 2020, Art. no. 299. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00315-8

A. H. K. Ali, H. Lenando, M. Alrfaay, S. Chaoui, H. B. Chikha, and A. Ajouli, "Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols in Resource-Constrained Opportunistic Networks," ASTES Journal, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 402–413, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25046/aj040651

A. Vahdat and D. Becker, "Epidemic Routing for Partially-Connected Ad Hoc Networks," 2000, [Online]. Available: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.34.6151.

T. Matsuda and T. Takine, "(p,q)-Epidemic routing for sparsely populated mobile ad hoc networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 783–793, Jun. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2008.080605

A. Lindgren, A. Doria, and O. Schelén, "Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks," ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 19–20, Jul. 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/961268.961272

M. Alrfaay, H. Lenando, and H. Ben Chikha, "ProphSoc: Probability-based Social-based routing Scheme in Mobile Social Network (MSN)," in 2019 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS), Apr. 2019, pp. 1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCISci.2019.8716396

Y. Yang and H. Zhao, "A Social Aware Routing Protocol with Multi-social Features in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks," in Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems, Singapore, 2019, pp. 353–360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6571-2_43

I. A. Alameri, "MANETS and Internet of Things: The Development of a Data Routing Algorithm," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 2604–2608, Feb. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1810

A. K. Kazi and S. M. Khan, "DyTE: An Effective Routing Protocol for VANET in Urban Scenarios," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 6979–6985, Apr. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4076

S. D. Chavan and A. V. Kulkarni, "Event Based Clustering Localized Energy Efficient Ant Colony Optimization (EBC_LEE-ACO) for Performance Enhancement of Wireless Sensor Network," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 3177–3183, Aug. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2121

Y. Cai, H. Zhang, Y. Fan, and H. Xia, "A survey on routing algorithms for opportunistic mobile social networks," China Communications, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 86–109, Feb. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.2021.02.007

K. Wei, X. Liang, and K. Xu, "A Survey of Social-Aware Routing Protocols in Delay Tolerant Networks: Applications, Taxonomy and Design-Related Issues," IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 556–578, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2013.042313.00103

C. Boldrini, M. Conti, and A. Passarella, "Exploiting users’ social relations to forward data in opportunistic networks: The HiBOp solution," Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 633–657, Oct. 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2008.04.003

R. Wang et al., "Social identity–aware opportunistic routing in mobile social networks," Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol. 29, no. 5, 2018, Art. no. e3297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.3297

A. Rahim et al., "Social acquaintance based routing in Vehicular Social Networks," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 93, pp. 751–760, Apr. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.07.059

H. Lenando and M. Alrfaay, "EpSoc: Social-Based Epidemic-Based Routing Protocol in Opportunistic Mobile Social Network," Mobile Information Systems, vol. 2018, Apr. 2018, Art. no. e6462826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6462826

Z. Li, C. Wang, S. Yang, C. Jiang, and X. Li, "LASS: Local-Activity and Social-Similarity Based Data Forwarding in Mobile Social Networks," IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 174–184, Jan. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2014.2308200

K. Zhu, W. Li, and X. Fu, "SMART: A Social- and Mobile-Aware Routing Strategy for Disruption-Tolerant Networks," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 3423–3434, Sep. 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2014.2298494

J. Guan, Q. Chu, and I. You, "The Social Relationship Based Adaptive Multi-Spray-and-Wait Routing Algorithm for Disruption Tolerant Network," Mobile Information Systems, vol. 2017, Jan. 2017, Art. no. e1819495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1819495

M. Matis, L. Doboš, and J. Papaj, "An Enhanced Hybrid Social Based Routing Algorithm for MANET-DTN," Mobile Information Systems, vol. 2016, Apr. 2016, Art. no. e4803242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4803242

B. Ying, K. Xu, and A. Nayak, "Fair and Social-Aware Message Forwarding Method in Opportunistic Social Networks," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 720–723, Apr. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2019.2900892

J. Scott, R. Gass, J. Crowcroft, P. Hui, C. Diot, and A. Chaintreau, "CRAWDAD dataset cambridge/haggle (v.2009-05-29)," May 2009.

E. M. Daly and M. Haahr, "Social network analysis for routing in disconnected delay-tolerant MANETs," in Proceedings of the 8th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing, Sep. 2007, pp. 32–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1288107.1288113

P. Hui, J. Crowcroft, and E. Yoneki, "BUBBLE Rap: Social-Based Forwarding in Delay-Tolerant Networks," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 1576–1589, Nov. 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2010.246

F. Xia, Q. Yang, J. Li, J. Cao, L. Liu, and A. M. Ahmed, "Data dissemination using interest-tree in socially aware networking," Computer Networks, vol. 91, pp. 495–507, Nov. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.08.047

F. D. Rango, A. Socievole, and S. Marano, "Exploiting online and offline activity-based metrics for opportunistic forwarding," Wireless Networks, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 1163–1179, May 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-014-0842-7

A. Socievole, E. Yoneki, F. De Rango, and J. Crowcroft, "ML-SOR: Message routing using multi-layer social networks in opportunistic communications," Computer Networks, vol. 81, pp. 201–219, Apr. 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.02.016

F. Xia, L. Liu, B. Jedari, and S. K. Das, "PIS: A Multi-Dimensional Routing Protocol for Socially-Aware Networking," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 2825–2836, Nov. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2016.2517649

H. Lenando, M. Alrfaay, and H. B. Chikha, "Multiple Social Metrics Based Routing Protocol in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks," ASTES Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 176–182, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25046/aj040223

J. Wu and Z. Chen, "Human Activity Optimal Cooperation Objects Selection Routing Scheme in Opportunistic Networks Communication," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 3357–3375, Aug. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4001-1

K. Liu, Z. Chen, J. Wu, and L. Wang, "FCNS: A Fuzzy Routing-Forwarding Algorithm Exploiting Comprehensive Node Similarity in Opportunistic Social Networks," Symmetry, vol. 10, no. 8, Aug. 2018, Art. no. 338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10080338

P. Yuan, X. Pang, and M. Song, "SSR: Using the Social Similarity to Improve the Data Forwarding Performance in Mobile Opportunistic Networks," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 44840–44850, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2908920

W. Moreira, P. Mendes, and S. Sargento, "Opportunistic routing based on daily routines," in 2012 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM), San Francisco, CA, USA, Jun. 2012, pp. 1–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/WoWMoM.2012.6263749

A. Keränen, J. Ott, and T. Kärkkäinen, "The ONE simulator for DTN protocol evaluation," presented at the 2nd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, Rome, Italy, May 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.SIMUTOOLS2009.5674

Downloads

How to Cite

[1]
Alrfaay, M., Ali, A.K., Chaoui, S., Lenando, H. and Alanazi, S. 2022. R-SOR: Ranked Social-based Routing Protocol in Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 12, 1 (Feb. 2022), 7998–8006. DOI:https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4612.

Metrics

Abstract Views: 587
PDF Downloads: 537

Metrics Information

Most read articles by the same author(s)