Variation Evaluation of Path Characteristic and Site Amplification Factor of Earthquake Ground Motion at Four Sites in Central Japan

Authors

  • T. Nagao Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University, Japan
Volume: 11 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 7658-7664 | October 2021 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4405

Abstract

The considered parameters in seismic design vary, with the Earthquake Ground Motion (EGM) having the largest variation. Since source characteristic, path characteristic, and Site Amplification Factor (SAF) influence the EGM, it is crucial to appropriately consider their variations. Source characteristic variations are mainly considered in a seismic hazard analysis, which is commonly used to evaluate variations in EGM. However, it is also important to evaluate variations in path characteristic and SAF with only a few studies having individually and quantitatively examined the variations of these two characteristics. In this study, based on strong-motion observation records obtained from four sites in central Japan, the three characteristics were extracted from seismograms using the concept of spectral inversion. After removing the source characteristic, the path characteristic and SAF were separated, and the variations in these two characteristics were quantified. To separate and obtain each characteristic from the observed record, one constraint condition must be imposed, whereas the variations in the constraint condition must be ignored. In that case, the variations in the constraint condition are included in the variations of the separated characteristics. In this study, this problem was solved by evaluating the variation in the constraint condition, which is the SAF at a hard rock site, by the use of the vertical array observation record at the site.

Keywords:

earthquake ground motion, path characteristic, site amplification factor, variation

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

N. A. Abrahamson, "State Of The Practice Of Seismic Hazard Evaluation," presented at the ISRM International Symposium, Nov. 2000, Art. no. ISRM-IS-2000-014.

T. Nagao and Y. Fukushima, "Source- and Site-Specific Earthquake Ground Motions: Application of a State-of-the-Art Evaluation Method," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 5882-5888, Aug. 2020. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3612

N. Morikawa et al., "Strong motion uncertainty determined from observed records by dense network in Japan," Journal of Seismology, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 529-546, Oct. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-008-9106-2

K. Kato, K. Aki, and M. Takemura, "Site amplification from coda waves: Validation and application to S-wave site response," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 467-477, Apr. 1995.

T. Satoh, H. Kawase, and T. Sato, "Evaluation of local site effects and their removal from borehole records observed in the Sendai region, Japan," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 1770-1789, Dec. 1995. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0850061770

C.-H. Kuo, K.-L. Wen, C.-M. Lin, N.-C. Hsiao, and D.-Y. Chen, "Site amplifications and the effect on local magnitude determination at stations of the surface-downhole network in Taiwan," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 104, pp. 106-116, Jan. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.10.003

S. S. Bora, F. Cotton, F. Scherbaum, B. Edwards, and P. Traversa, "Stochastic source, path and site attenuation parameters and associated variabilities for shallow crustal European earthquakes," Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 4531-4561, Nov. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0167-x

T. Nagao, "Seismic Amplification by Deep Subsurface and Proposal of a New Proxy," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 5157-5163, Feb. 2020. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3276

T. Nagao, "Maximum Credible Earthquake Ground Motions with Focus on Site Amplification due to Deep Subsurface," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 6873-6881, Apr. 2021. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3991

Y. Fukushima and T. Nagao, "Variation of Earthquake Ground Motions with Focus on Site Amplification Factors: A Case Study," Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 4355-4360, Aug. 2019. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2856

T. Nagao and P. Lu, "A simplified reliability estimation method for pile-supported wharf on the residual displacement by earthquake," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 129, Feb. 2020, Art. no. 105904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105904

D. J. Andrews, "Objective Determination of Source Parameters and Similarity of Earthquakes of Different Size," in Earthquake Source Mechanics, Washington DC, USA: American Geophysical Union (AGU), 1986, pp. 259-267. https://doi.org/10.1029/GM037p0259

T. Iwata and K. Irikura, "Source Parameters of the 1983 Japan Sea Earthquake Sequence," Journal of Physics of the Earth, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 155-184, 1988. https://doi.org/10.4294/jpe1952.36.155

S. Aoi, K. Obara, S. Hori, K. Kasahara, and Y. Okada, "New strong-motion observation network : KiK-net," Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol. 81, 2000.

Strong-motion seismograph networks (K-NET, KiK-net). https://www.kyoshin.bosai.go.jp/ (accessed Sep. 10, 2021).

H. Fujiwara, S. Kawai, K. X. Hao, N. Morikawa, and H. Azuma, "J-SHIS - An integrated system for sharing information on national seismic hazard maps for Japan," in 16th World Conference on Earthquake, Santiago Chile, Jan. 2017, Art. no. 0372.

K. Aki, "Scaling law of seismic spectrum," Journal of Geophysical Research (1896-1977), vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 1217-1231, 1967. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ072i004p01217

K. Aki and P. G. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, 2nd ed. Mill Valley, CA, USA: University Science Books, 2009.

S. Drouet, P. Triantafyllidis, A. Savvaidis, and N. Theodulidis, "Comparison of Site-Effects Estimation Methods Using the Lefkas, Greece, 2003 Earthquake Aftershocks," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 2349-2363, Oct. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080004

J. H. Steidl, A. G. Tumarkin, and R. J. Archuleta, "What is a reference site?," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 1733-1748, Dec. 1996. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0860061733

Y. Fukushima, T. Nagao, J. Oshige, and I. Suetomi, "Ground motion evaluation for intra-plate earthquake by different site amplification factors and source models," in 7th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Roma, Italy, Jun. 2019, pp. 2484-2492.

K. Yoshimoto, H. Sato, and M. Ohtake, "Frequency-dependent attenuation of P and S waves in the Kanto area, Japan, based on the coda-normalization method," Geophysical Journal International, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 165-174, Jul. 1993. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01476.x

A. Moya, J. Aguirre, and K. Irikura, "Inversion of Source Parameters and Site Effects from Strong Ground Motion Records using Genetic Algorithms," Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, vol. 90, no. 4, pp. 977-992, Aug. 2000. https://doi.org/10.1785/0119990007

Downloads

How to Cite

[1]
Nagao, T. 2021. Variation Evaluation of Path Characteristic and Site Amplification Factor of Earthquake Ground Motion at Four Sites in Central Japan. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 11, 5 (Oct. 2021), 7658–7664. DOI:https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.4405.

Metrics

Abstract Views: 432
PDF Downloads: 348

Metrics Information

Most read articles by the same author(s)