Power Consumption Modeling based on Real-Time Data Traffic for Balancing Power Supply and Energy Demand to Develop Green Telecommunication Tower: A Case Study
Abstract
Green telecommunication tower primarily depends on renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. This study presents a power consumption model to estimate the load demand of a telecommunication tower (TT) to improve energy efficiency. The method is based on field measurements of real-time data traffic load of the entire operated macrocell telecommunication tower to balance power supply and energy demand. This advanced method is investigated using HOMER Pro simulation and compared with a widely accepted technique called overall peak load method for a chosen case study. The comparison simulation results showed that by using the power consumption model method, the energy-saving efficiency at the TT is improved by 24.19% and the size of the overall system is decreased by 33.33%. Consequently, the annualized cost is reduced by 25.7%. This optimum performance contributes to the effective development of green telecommunication towers.
Keywords:
green telecommunication tower, solar energy technology, energy consumption modeling, data traffic loadDownloads
References
M. Meo, E. Le Rouzic, R. Cuevas, C. Guerrero, “Research challenges on energy-efficient networking design”, Computer Communications, Vol. 50, pp. 187–195, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2014.04.011
J. Wu, Y. Zhang, M. Zukerman, E. K. N. Yung, “Energy-efficient base-stations sleep-mode techniques in green cellular networks: A survey”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 803-826, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2015.2403395
C. Han, T. Harrold, S. Armour, I. Krikidis, S. Videv, P. M. Grant, H. Haas, J. S. Thompson, I. Ku, C. X. Wang, T. A. Le, M. R. Nakhai, J. Zhang, L. Hanzo, “Green Radio: Radio Techniques to Enable Energy-Efficient Wireless Networks”, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 49, No. 6, pp. 46-54, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2011.5783984
K. Kusakana, H. J. Vermaak, “Hybrid renewable power systems for mobile telephony base stations in developing countries”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 51, pp. 419–425, 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.09.045
M. H. Alsharif, R. Nordin, M. Ismail, “Energy optimization of a hybrid off-grid system for remote telecommunication base station deployment in Malaysia”, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol. 2015, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-015-0284-7
G. K. Singh, “Solar power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: A review”, Energy, Vol. 53, pp. 1-13, 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.02.057
D. Yamegueu, Y. Azoumah, X. Py, N. Zongo, “Experimental study of electricity generation by Solar PV/diesel hybrid systems without battery storage for off-grid areas”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 36, pp. 1780-1787, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.11.011
E. A. Al-Ammar, “Application of Using Hybrid Renewable Energy in Saudi Arabia”, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 84–89, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.33
J. B. V. Subrahmanyam, P. Alluvada, Bandana, K. Bhanupriya, C. Shashidhar, “Renewable Energy Systems: Development and Perspectives of a Hybrid Solar-Wind System”, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 177-181, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.104
J. Barzola, M. Espinoza, F. Cabrera, “Analysis of Hybrid Solar/Wind/Diesel Renewable Energy System for off-grid Rural Electrification”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 1146-1152, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2016.1.1.056
R. Bingham, M. Agelin-Chaab, M. Rosen, “Feasibility of a Hybrid Solar and Wind Power System for an Island Community in the Bahamas”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 951-963, 2016
H. S. Das, A. Dey, C.W. Tan, A. H. M. Yatim, “Feasibility Analysis of Standalone PV/Wind/Battery Hybrid Energy System for Rural Bangladesh”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 402-412, 2016
A. Zubair, A. Tanvir, M. Hasan, “Optimal Planning of Stand Alone Solar-Wind-Diesel Hybrid Energy System for a Coastal Area in Bangladesh”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 731–738, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i6.830
A. M. Aris, B. Shabani, “Sustainable power supply solutions for off-grid base stations”, Energies, Vol. 8, pp. 10904-10941, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en81010904
E. Banguero, H. David, A. Arias, A. Julian, A. Cardona, “Renewable microgrid operational results and economic evaluation using RETScreen TM”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 723–731, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i2.pp723-731
M. El Badawe, T. Iqbal, G. K. Mann, “Optimization and a Comparison between Renewable and Non- Renewable Energy System for Telecommunication Site”, 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montreal, Canada, April29-May 2, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2012.6335047
M. H. Alsharif, R. Nordin, M. Ismail, “Green Wireless network optimization strategies within smart grid environments for Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks in Malaysia”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 85, pp. 157-170, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.044
R. M. Asif, “Cellular Base Station Powered by Hybrid Energy Options”, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 115, No. 22, pp. 35–39, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5120/20286-2842
A. Sharma, A. Singh, M. Khemariya, “Homer Optimization Based Solar PV; Wind Energy and Diesel Generator Based Hybrid”, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 199–204, 2013
O. Arnold, F. Richter, G. Fettweis, O. Blume, “Power Consumption Modelling of Different Base Station Types in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks”, 2010 Future Network & Mobile Summit, Florence, Italy, June 16-18, 2010
L. A. Case, S. K. Khadka, J. N. Shrestha, S. R. Shakya, “A Regression Analysis for Base Station Power Consumption under Real Traffic Loads- A Case of Nepal”, American Journal of Engineering Research, Vol. 4, No. 12, pp. 85-90, 2015
M. Deruyck, W. Joseph, L. Martens, “Power consumption model for macrocell and microcell base stations”, Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 320-333, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.2565
J. D. Gadze, S. B. Aboagye, K. A. Agyekum, “Real-Time Traffic Bas Station Power Consumption Model for Telecom in Ghana”, International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 6-13, 2016
J. Lorincz, T. Garma, G. Petrovic, “Measurements and modeling of base station power consumption under real traffic loads”, Sensors, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 4181-310, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s120404281
M. Deruyck, E. Tanghe, W. Joseph, W. Vereecken, M. Pickavet, L. Martens, B. Dhoedt, “Model for the power consumption of wireless access networks”, IET Science, Measurement and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 155–161, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2010.0094
A. Abdulmula, K. Sopian, L. C. Haw, A. Fazlizan, “Performance evaluation of standalone double axis solar tracking system with maximum light detection MLD for telecommunication towers in Malaysia”, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 444–453, 2019
A. Fudholi, L. C. Haw, K. Sopian, A. Mohamed, O. Abdulmula, “A Primary Study of Tracking Photovoltaic System for Mobile Station in Malaysia”, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 427–432, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp427-432
S. Bahramara, M. P. Moghaddam, M. R. Haghifam, “Optimal planning of hybrid renewable energy systems using HOMER: A review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 62, pp. 609–620, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.039
D. K. Lal, B. B Dash, A. K. Akella, “Optimization of PV/Wind/Micro-Hydro/Diesel Hybrid Power System in HOMER for the Study Area”, International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 307–325, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2011.3.3.4
J. B. Fulzele, S. Dutt, “Optimum Planning of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using HOMER”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 68–74, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i1.157
F. Chermat, M. Khemliche, A. Badoud, S. Latreche, “Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Investigation of Renewable Energy System for Rural Electrification in southern Algeria”, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 8, No. 5, pp. 3421–3426, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2253
Downloads
How to Cite
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after its publication in ETASR with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
