Breakdown in Nanofluids: A Short Review on Experimental Results and Related Mechanisms

Authors

  • M. Danikas Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece
Volume: 8 | Issue: 5 | Pages: 3300-3309 | October 2018 | https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2136

Abstract

Nanofluids seem to gradualy become an alternative to traditional insulating liquids, such as transformer oil. In this paper, a short review of experimental results as well as of possible breakdown mechanisms and of some of the factors affecting the breakdown strength of the said fluids is conducted. Most of the reports suggest that the addition of nanoparticles in insulating liquids improves the breakdown strength. However, some reports that contradict the above are also to be found. In view of this, an outline of future research is discussed. This review does not encompass all possible effects, parameters and factors affecting nanofluids but it is solely concerned with breakdown strength.

Keywords:

nanofluids, breakdown strength, transformer oil, ester oil, partial discharges

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

D. F. Binns, “Breakdown in liquids”, in: Electrical Insulation, pp. 15-32, Peter Peregrinus Ltd, London, UK, 1983

A. Kallinikos, “Evaluation of liquid insulants”, in: Electrical Insulation, pp. 178-196, Peter Peregrinus Ltd, London, UK, 1983

J. L. Maksiejewski, H. Tropper, “Some factors affecting the measurement of the electric strength of organic liquids”, Proceedings of IEE, Vol. 101, pp. 183-190, 1954 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/pi-2.1954.0033

M. G. Danikas, Factors affecting the breakdown strength of transformer oil, M. Sc. Thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1982

W. R. Bell, “Influence of specimen size on the dielectric strength of transformer oil”, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 281-292, 1977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEI.1977.297980

M. G. Danikas, “Breakdown of transformer oil”, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 27-34, 1990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/57.63080

S. Missas, M. G. Danikas, I. Liapis, “Factors affecting the ageing of transformer oil in 150/20 kV transformers”, Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL 2011), Trondheim, Norway, June 26-30, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDL.2011.6015409

M. G. Danikas, S. Georghiou, I. Liapis, A. B. B. Abd Ghani, “Diagnostic techniques in transformer oils: Factors affecting the lifetime of transformer oil in transformers of 150/20 kV and the problem of relating diagnostics data with their pre-history”, Funktechnikplus#Journal, Vol. 1, No. 6, pp. 27-40, 2015.

W. R. Bell, M. G. Danikas, “Factors Affecting the Breakdown Strength of Transformer Oil”, Proceedings of IEEE lnternational Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 264-267, June 1982 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.1982.7464485

N. J. Felici, “Bubbles, partial discharges and liquid breakdown”, Electrostatics 79, Institute of Physics Conference Series No. 48, pp. 181-190, 1979

K. H. Weber, H. S. Endicott, “Area effect and its extremal basis for the electric breakdown of transformer oil”, Transactions of American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 75, pp. 371-381, 1956 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AIEEPAS.1956.4499314

H. S. Endicott, K. H. Weber, “Electrode area effect for impulse breakdown of transformer oil”, Transactions of American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Vol. 76, pp. 393-398, 1957 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AIEEPAS.1957.4499574

N. Giao Trinh, C. Vincent, J. Regis, “Statistical dielectric degradation of large-volume oil-insulation”, Transactions on IEEE Power Systems, Vol. 101, No. 10, paper 82 WM 060-2, 1982 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAS.1982.317056

J. K. Nelson, “An assessment of the physical basis for the application of design criteria for dielectric structures”, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, Vol. 24, pp. 835-847, 1989 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/14.42161

J. K. Nelson, B. Salvage, W. A. Sharpley, “Electric strength of transformer oil for large electrode areas”, Proceedings IEE, Vol. 118, No. 2, pp. 388-393, 1971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/piee.1971.0071

A. Beroual, M. Zahn, A. Badent, K. Kist, A. J. Schwab, H. Yamashite, K. Yamazawa, M. Danikas, W. G. Chadband, Y. Torshin, “Propagation and structure of streamers in liquid dielectrics”, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 6-17, 1998 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/57.662781

R. P. Feynman, “There is plenty of room at the bottom”, American Physical Society Meeting, 1959

S. U.S. Choi, “Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles”, in: Developments and Applications of Non-Newtonian Flows, pp. 99-105, New York, 1995

T. Tanaka, “Dielectric nanocomposites with insulating properties”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 12, pp. 914–928, 2005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2005.1522186

T. Tanaka, Personal Communication, February 2018

M. G. Danikas, “On two nanocomposite models: Differences, similarities and interpretational possibilities regarding Tsagaropoulos’ model and Tanaka’s model”, Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 61, No. 4, pp. 241-246, 2010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10187-010-0034-3

D. Pitsa, M. G. Danikas, “Interfaces features in polymer nanocomposites: A review of proposed models”, NANO, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 497-508, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793292011002949

M. G. Danikas, A. Bairaktari, R. Sarathi, A. Basri Bin Abd Ghani, “A review of two nanocomposite materials models: Lewis’ contribution in the development of the models, their differences, their similariries and future challenges”, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 636-643, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.441

G. Melissinos, M. G. Danikas, “On polymers nanocomposites: Electrical treeing, breakdown models and related simulations”, Engineering, Technology & Applied Science research, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 2627-2632, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1726

J. Dai, D. Ming, W. Li, Y. Li, J. Wang, “Study on AC breakdown and broadband dielectric response properties of transformer oil-based nanofluids”, Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Xi’an, China, pp. 24-27, September 25-28, 2016

J. A. Eastman, S. U. S. Choi, S. Li, W. Yu, L. J. Thompson, “Anomalously increased effective thermal conductivities of ethylene glycol-based nanofluids containing copper nanoparticles”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 78, No. 6, pp. 718–720, 2001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1341218

W. Yu, H. Xie, “A Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms and Applications”, Journal of Nanomaterials, Vol. 2012, pp. 1-17, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/435873

C. H. Lo, T. T. Tsung, L. C. Chen, “Shape-controlled synthesis of Cu-based nanofluid using submerged arc nanoparticle synthesis system (SANSS),” Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 277, No. 1–4, pp. 636–642, 2005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.01.067

Y. Du, Y. Lv, C. Li, M. Chen, J. Zhou, X. Li, Y. Zhou, Y. Tu, “Effect of electron shallow trap on breakdown performance of transformer oil-based nanofluids”, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 110, Issue 10, pp. 104104 -1 – 104104-4, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3660783

L. Isaraj, Study of breakdown mechanism in nanofluids, Diploma Thesis, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Xanthi, Greece, 2018 (in Greek)

M. Chiesa, S. K. Das, “Experimental investigation of the dielectric and cooling performance of colloidal suspensions in insulating media”, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical Engineering Aspects, Vol. 335, pp. 88-97, 2009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2008.10.044

J. Lee, H. Seo, Y. Kim, “The increased dielectric breakdown voltage of transformer-oil based nanofluids by an external magnetic field”, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 62, pp. 29-33, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2012.03.013

J. Lee, W. Kim, “Experimental study on the dielectric breakdown voltage of the insulating oil mixed with magnetic nanoparticles”, Physics Procedia, Vol. 32, pp. 327 – 334, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.564

V. Segal, A. Rabinovich, D. Nattrass, K. Raj, A. Nunes, “Experimental study of magnetic colloidal fluids behavior in power transformers”, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 215-216, pp. 513-515, 2000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(00)00205-5

J. G. Hwang, M. Zahn, F. M. O’Sullivan, L. A. A. Pettersson, O. Hjortstam, R. Liu, “Electron scavenging of conductive nanoparticles in oil insulated power transformers”, 2009 Electrostatics Joint Conference, USA, June 16-18, 2009

J. Lee, W. Lee, S. Lee, S. Lee, “Positive and negative effects of dielectric breakdown in transformer oil based magnetic fluids”, Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 47, pp. 2984-2987, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.04.133

J. Ghasemi, S. Jafarmadar, M. Nazari, “Effect of magnetic nanoparticles on the lightning impulse breakdown voltage of transformer oil”, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 389, pp. 148-152, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.04.045

D. H. Fontes, G. Ribatski, E. P. B. Filho, “Experimental evaluation of thermal conductivity, viscosity and breakdown voltage AC of nanofluids of carbon nanotubes and diamond in transformer oil”, Diamond and Related Materials, Vol. 58, pp. 115-121, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2015.07.007

Y. Zhou, S. Y. Sui , J. Li, Z. Y. Wang, W. Cui, Y. Z. Lv, C. R. Li, “Statistical analysis of moisture’s effect on AC breakdown strength of TiO2 nanofluids”, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Vol. 249, pp. 420-428, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2017.11.076

Y. Zhou, S. Sui, J. Li, Z. Ouyang, Y. Lv, C. Li, W. Lu, “The effects of shallow traps on the positive streamer electrodynamics in transformer oil based nanofluids”, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 51, No. 10, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aaab2a

Y. Lv, W. Wang, K. Ma, S. Zhang, Y. Zhou , C. Li, Q. Wang, “Nanoparticle effect on dielectric breakdown strength of transformer oil-based nanofluids”, 2013 Annual Report on Conference of Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), pp. 680-682, Shenzhen, China, 20-23 October 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2013.6747090

Y. Lv, M. Rafiq, C. Li, B. Shan, “Study of dielectric breakdown performance of transformer oil based magnetic nanofluids”, Energies, Vol. 10, No. 7, Art. No. 1025, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en10071025

A. Katiyar, P. Dhar, T. Nandi, L. Sirisha Maganti, S. K. Das, “Enhanced dielectric breakdown performance of anatase and rutile titania based nano-oils”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 3494 – 3503, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2016.005886

F. Negri, Fundamental study and modeling of nanofluids, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bologna, School of Electrical Engineering, 2017

I. H. Zakaria, M. H. Ahmad, Y. Z. Arief, N. A. Awang, N. A. Ahmad, “Characteristics of mineral oil-based nanofluids for power transformer application”, International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 1530-1537, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1530-1537

D. Prasad, S. Chandrasekar, “Investigations on dielectric performance characteristics of natural ester based nano-fluids for power transformer applications”, Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol. 6, No. 11, pp. 1146-1157, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.01259.4

D. Prasad, S. Chandrasekar, “Effect of nano-SiO2 particles on partial discharge signal characteristics of FR3 transtransformer”, Journal of Advances in Chemistry, Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 1-10, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i0.5687

S. Nagendran, S. Chandrasekar, “Investigations on partial discharge, dielectric and thermal characteristics of nano SiO2 modified sunflower oil for power transformer applications”, Journal of Electrical Engineering Technology, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 1337-1345, 2018

V. Sridhara, L. N. Satapathy, “Effect of nanoparticles on thermal properties enhancement in different oils – A review”, Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences, Vol. 40, pp. 99-424, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408436.2015.1068159

L. Chetty, I. W. Serukenya, N. M. Ijumba, “Vegetable oil based liquid nanocomposite dielectric”, South African Journal of Science, Vol. 109, No. 1, pp. 1-6, 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/1274

V. A. Primo, B. Garcia , J. Burgos, R. Albarracin, “Enhancing transformer liquid insulation with nanodielectric fluids: State of the art and future trends”, Advanced Research Workshop on Transformers, La Toja Island, Spain, October 3-5, 2016

N. Rajan, R. T. Arun Ram Prasath, N. K. Roy, “Ageing performance of mineral oil using ZnO nanofluids”, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 155-162, 2016

O. E. Gouda, A. Thabet, “Experimental verification on enhancing electric and dielectric phenomena of transformer nanofluids”, Dielectric Materials and Applications: ISyDMA’2016, Materials Research Proceedings, Vol. 1, pp. 243-246, 2016

A. Amiri, M. Shanbedi, G. Ahmadi, S. Rozali, “Transformer oils-based graphene quantum dots nanofluid as a new generation of highly conductive and stable coolant”, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 83, pp. 40-47, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.03.011

N. S. Suhaimi, M. T. Ishak, M. F. Din, M. M. Ariffin, S. Razali, N. A. Amin, F. R. Hashim, “Breakdown strength of transformer oil filled with carbon nanotubes under various gap distances”, Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Vol. 9, No. 3S, pp. 41-60, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/jfas.v9i3s.4

M. F. Dekhordi, Dielectric behavior of transformer oil when contaminated and/or fortified with nanoparticles, M. Sc. Thesis, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Canada, 2014

M. M. Hessien, N. A. Sabiha, S. S. M. Ghoneim, A. A. Alahmadi, “Enhancement of dielectric characteristics of transformer oils with nanoparticles”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 12, No. 24, pp. 15668-15673, 2017

S. R. Chitra, S. Sendhilnathan, “Experimental investigations on dielectric fluids behaviour in high-power transformers”, International Journal on Applied Ceramic Technology, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 1096-1103, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijac.12520

S. R. Chitra, V. Gayathri, “Physical, chemical properties and applications of transformer oil based ferrofluid/dielectric fluid”, American Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 47-55, 2016

M. Asefi, H. Molavi, M. Shariaty-Niassar, J. Babaee Darband, N. Nemati, M. Yavari, M. Akbari, “An investigation on stability, electrical and thermal characteristics of transformer insulating oil nanofluids”, International Journal of Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 10, pp. 1332-1340, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ije.2016.29.10a.02

J. Li, B. Du, F. Wang, W. Yao, S. Yao, “The effect of nanoparticle surfactant polarization on trapping depth of vegetable insulating oil-based nanofluids”, Physics Letters A, Vol. 380, pp. 604-608, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2015.12.008

M. Rafiq, S. Nazir, “Development of an innovative liquid insulation system for transformers”, Contemporary Research in Science and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 47-55, 2016

M. Dong, J. Dai, Y. Li, J. Xie, M. Ren, Z. Dang, “Insight into the dielectric response of transformer oil-based nanofluids”, AIP Advances, Vol. 7, pp. 025307-1 – 025307-7, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4977481

M. S. Mohamad, H. Zainuddin, S. Ab Ghani, I. S. Chairul, “AC breakdown voltage and viscosity of palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) oil-based nanofluids”, Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 2333-2341, 2017

M. Nazari, M. H. Rasoulifard, H. Hosseini, “Dielectric breakdown strength of magnetic nanofluid based on insulation oil after impulse test”, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Vol. 399, pp. 1-4, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.09.022

C. Cely, N. Koditwuakku, O. Nogueira, “Breakdown features of transformer oil based magnetic nanofluids”, Bulletin of Petroleum Production Technology, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 7-13, 2017

F. M. O’Sullivan, A model for the initiation and propagation of electrical streamers in transformer oil and transformer oil based nanofluids, Ph.D. Thesis, MIT, Boston, USA, 2007

A. Fallah-Shojaie, A. Tavakoli, M Ghomashpasand, S Hoseinzadeh, “Experimental evaluation on the dielectric breakdown voltage of fresh and used transformer oil mixed with titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the Gilan Electrical distribution company”, Proceedings of 2013 21st Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Mashhad, Iran, May 14-16, 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/IranianCEE.2013.6599733

D. A. Mansour, E. G. Atiya, R. M. Khattab, A. M. Azmy, “Effect of titania nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of transformer oil-based nanofluids”, 2012 Annual Report on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP), pp. 295-298, Montreal, Canada, October 14-17, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.2012.6378779

E. G. Atiya, D. A. Mansour, R. M. Khattab, A. M. Azmy, “Dispersion behavior and breakdown strength of transformer oil filled with TiO2 nanoparticles”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 2463-2472, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2015.004742

C. Olmo, I. Fernández, F. Ortiz, C. J. Renedo, S. Pérez, “Dielectric properties enhancement of vegetal transformer oil with TiO2, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles”, Proceedings of International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’18), pp. 623-627, Salamanca, Spain, March 21-23, 2018,

C. F. Diego, A. Santisteban, F. O. Fernández, F. Delgado, A. Ortiz, “Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the performance of a natural ester dielectric fluid”, Proceedings of 2017 Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC), Baltimore, USA,, June 11 – 14, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.2017.8004657

W. Saenkhumwong, A. Suksri, “The improved dielectric properties of natural ester oil by using ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles”, Engineering and Applied Science Research, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 148-153, 2017

B. X. Du, X. L. Li, “Dielectric and thermal characteristics of vegetable oil filled with BN nanoparticles”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectric and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 956- 963, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2017.005758

B. Du, J. Li, F. Wang, W. Yao, S. Yao, “Influence of monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticle size on electrical properties of vegetable oil-based nanofluids”, Journal of Nanomaterials, Art. No. 560352, 2015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/560352

G. D. Peppas, A. Bakandritsos, V. P. Charalampakos, E. C. Pyrgioti, J. Tucek, R. Zboril, I. F. Gonos, “Ultrastable Natural Ester-Based Nanofluids for High Voltage Insulation Applications”, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol. 8, pp. 25202-25209, 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b06084

K.Sindhuja, M. Srinivasan, N. Niveditha, “Natural esters as an alternative to mineral oil in transformer applications”, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 118, No. 20, pp. 723-731, 2018

H. Kojima, T. Kondo, M. Hanai, N. Hayakawa, “Improvement mechanism of AC breakdown voltage of insulating oil with dispersed nanoparticles”, Electronics and Communications in Japan, Vol. 100, No. 12, pp. 101-106, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.12016

Huifei Jin, Dielectric strength and thermal conductivity of mineral oil based nanofluids, Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, 2015

J. Kudelcik , P. Bury, P. Kopcansky, M. Timko, “Dielectric breakdown in mineral oil ITO 100 based magnetic fluid”, Physics Procedia, Vol. 9, pp. 78-81, 2010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2010.11.019

Y. Jing, Breakdown properties of mineral oil and ester based TiO2 and BN nanofluids, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Glasgow, UK, 2016

M. Srinivasan, U.S. Ragupathy , K. Sindhuja, A. Raymon, “Investigation and performance analysis of nanoparticles and antioxidants based natural ester”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, Vol. VII, No. 11, pp. 1000-1007, 2016

M. Taro, D. Shill, A. Kumar Das, S. Chatterjee, “Experimental investigation of transformer oil based nanofluids for applications in distribution transformers”, Proceedings of 2017 3rd International Conference on Condition Assessment techniques in Electrical Systems (CATCON), pp. 367-370, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CATCON.2017.8280246

J. A. Mergos, M. D. Athanassopoulou, T. G. Argyropoulos, C. T. Dervos, “Dielectric properties of nanopowder dispersions in paraffin oil”, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 1502-1507, 2012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2012.6311493

A. R. P. R. Thirugnanam, W. I. M. Siluvairaj, I. K. Radha, “Retreatment of aged mineral oil using semiconductive nanocomposites for power transformer application”, International Transactions on Electric Energy Systems, Vol. 27, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/etep.2358

S. S. Dessouky, S. A. M. Abdelwahab, M. Shaban, “Affecting factors titanium oxide of nanoparticles for the electrical effect on insulation resistance of the transformer oil”, International Research Journal of Electronics & Computer Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 22-27, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24178/irjece.2017.3.4.22

P. Thomas, N. E. Hudedmani, “AC breakdown voltage characteristics of synthetic ester based egg shell nanofluids”, Proceedings of 2017 3rd International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in Electrical Systems (CATCON), pp. 112-115, Rupnagar, India, 16-18 November 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CATCON.2017.8280195

S. Aberoumand, A. Jafarimoghaddam, “Tunsten (III) oxide (WO3) – silver/transformer oil hybrid nanofluid: Preparation, stability, thermal conductivity and dielectric strength”, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 57, pp. 169-174, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.11.003

R. Karthik, T. Sree Renga Raja, R. Madavan, “Enhancement of critical characteristics of transformer oil using nanomaterials”, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 38, pp. 2725-2733, 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-012-0479-8

I. L. Hosier, A. S. Vaughan, “Effect of particulates on the dielectric properties and breakdown strength of insulation oil”, Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC 2017), Baltimore, Maryland, USA, June 11-14, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/EIC.2017.8004641

M. Bhatt, “Effect of permittivity on breakdown characteristic of transformer oil based nanofluid”, International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 262-266, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd10885

P. Zou, J. Li, C. Sun, Z. Zhang, R. Liao, “Dielectric properties and electrodynamic process on natural ester- based insulating nanofluid”, Modern Physics Letters B, Vol. 25, No. 25, pp. 2012-2031, 2011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217984911027285

K. Swati, R. Sarathi, K. S. Sharma, “Understanding the surface discharge activity with thermally aged nanofluid impregnated paper insulating material”, International Journal on Electrical Engineering and Informatics , Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 762-775, 2017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15676/ijeei.2017.9.4.9

S. Ab Ghani , N. Asiah Muhamad, Z. Ahmad Noorden, H. Zainuddin, N. Abu Bakar, M. Aizam Talib, “Methods for improving the workability of natural ester insulating oils in power transformer applications: A review”, Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 163, Part B, pp. 655-667, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2017.10.008

R. Taylor, S. Coulombe, T. Otanicar, P. Phelan, A. Gunawan, W. Lv, G. Rosengarten, R. Prasher, H. Tyagi, “Small particles, big impacts: A review of the diverse applications of nanofluids”, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 113, 011301-1 - 011301-19, 2013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4754271

Downloads

How to Cite

[1]
Danikas, M. 2018. Breakdown in Nanofluids: A Short Review on Experimental Results and Related Mechanisms. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research. 8, 5 (Oct. 2018), 3300–3309. DOI:https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2136.

Metrics

Abstract Views: 1650
PDF Downloads: 759

Metrics Information

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3